From the USPS website:
Today it is difficult to envision the isolation that was the lot of farm families in early
America. In the days before telephones, radios, or televisions were common, the farmer’s
main links to the outside world were the mail and the newspapers that came by mail to the
nearest post office. Since the mail had to be picked up, this meant a trip to the post office,
often involving a day’s travel, round-trip. The farmer might delay picking up mail for days,
weeks, or even months until the trip could be coupled with one for supplies, food, or
equipment.
John Wanamaker of Pennsylvania was the first Postmaster General to advocate rural free
delivery (RFD). Although funds were appropriated a month before he left office in 1893,
subsequent Postmasters General dragged their feet on inaugurating the new service so that
it was 1896 before the first experimental rural delivery routes began in West Virginia, with
carriers working out of post offices in Charlestown, Halltown, and Uvilla.
Many transportation events in postal history were marked by great demonstrations: the
Pony Express, for example, and scheduled airmail service in 1918. The West Virginia
experiment with rural free delivery, however, was launched in relative obscurity and in an
atmosphere of hostility. Critics of the plan claimed it was impractical and too expensive to
have a postal carrier trudge over rutted roads and through forests trying to deliver mail in
all kinds of weather.
However, the farmers, without exception, were delighted with the new service and the new
world open to them. After receiving free delivery for a few months, one observed that it
would take away part of life to give it up. A Missouri farmer looked back on his life and
calculated that, in 15 years, he had traveled 12,000 miles going to and from his post office
to get the mail.
A byproduct of rural free delivery was the stimulation it provided to the development of
the great American system of roads and highways. A prerequisite for rural delivery was
good roads. After hundreds of petitions for rural delivery were turned down by the Post
Office because of unserviceable and inaccessible roads, responsible local governments
began to extend and improve existing highways. Between 1897 and 1908, these local
governments spent an estimated $72 million on bridges, culverts, and other improvements.
In one county in Indiana, farmers themselves paid over $2,600 to grade and gravel a road
in order to qualify for RFD.
The impact of RFD as a cultural and social agent for millions of Americans was even more
striking, and, in this respect, rural delivery still is a vital link between industrial and rural
America.