Phonetic alphabets typically assign one or more sounds to a symbol (that is, an alphabet letter), though there can be exceptions. Thinking of English is a bad example, as we English speakers use the Latin alphabet (26 letters) to represent about 44 to 46 sounds in the English language, some of which we also pronounce when two letters (i.e. symbols) are combined: think “ph” to represent an “f” sound, as in “phone”; or “ou” to create another vowel sound in words such as “house” and “about.”
As one who can speak, read, and write Russian, although I haven’t for years, I’d suggest that Cyrillic is a better example. All but two symbols (alphabet characters) in the 33-symbol Cyrillic alphabet are pronounced like their sound; and the two symbols that are not pronounced simply dictate how the preceding consonant is sounded. Again, there are exceptions to pronunciation rules, but only a few; and if you know those, you can read/sound your way aloud through anything written in Russian like a pro, though you may have no idea of the meaning of what you are reading. Contrast this with written Chinese, where a symbol indicates a concept, idea, or thing, but gives you no clue as to how to pronounce it, if you don’t already know.
But that’s what the OP of this topic is getting at: alphabets with a sound-symbol correspondence, not a sound-concept or sound-idea correspondence. Does this help, Bullitt?
Thank you, @Spoons, for that. Quite helpful. I’ll withdraw Hawaiian!
BTW my grandfather was Russian. When he moved to the Philippines (where he met my grandmother, and they created my mother) he learned English and he said it was a very difficult language to learn because when you read the words, sounding out the letters did not get you to the pronunciation you wanted. Words like walked and talked, he would pronounce them like wal-KED and tal-KED.
Updated list…
Phonetic alphabets that are used in at least one country’s language