No, the Nokia Bluetooth keyboard will not work with the Palm. Bluetooth keyboards usually need the correct drivers, and if there is no driver for the target OS, the keyboard will not function (even if it is detected and paired with the target device).
ThinkOutside is one of the more popular makers of bluetooth keyboards for mobile devices:
Bluetooth is just a transmission protocol. It does have a couple of security and matching tags that make it so only applications which know the “secret code” can talk to each other so theoretically you can tell what it is that you’re talking with, but that’s a lot different from the USB plug n’ play model where a keyboard is a keyboard so long as it says it is and sends data in the “accepted” format.
Bluetooth doesn’t yet have “accepted formats” for manufacture agnostic hardware transmissions. Really it’s because that never got added to the standard that Bluetooth hasn’t taken over the world.
at least this is my recollection from my research during the two weeks spent writing a bluetooth app that let me play tic tac toe between two cellphones