I’m curious how Jews of the 19th and early 20th century responded to the anti-Jewish pseudoscience that was becoming popular in those years. How did European Jews in the medical and scientific communities react to allegations that they were racially inferior? Did they attempt to debunk the science? Did they ignore it? Did they tacitly accept any of the racist claims?
Any references to books that deal not just with anti-Semitism, but also with the Jewish reaction to it, would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks!