I don’t know, but The Flintstones was televised here in Australia, and “Barney” is not uncommon here. I actually would have thought it predated the cartoon, but maybe not - it’s only used by older Australians, but then again the show ain’t exactly young now either.
My grandfather (born 1908) used to use it quite frequently, so it obviously pre-dates any rhyming slang references associated with the Flintstones cartoons. He always claimed that it was Irish in origin.
No because the Barnard Castle meaning refers to meaning number 3 - “humbug, cheating, low”. And it specifically says that this may have a different origin. Barney, in the sense of fight, comes from number 6 which is rooted in number 1 - “typical of a noisy Irishman”
I’m really not convinced that there’s an absolute line between a meaning that implies cheating and one that implies a punchup, either in 19th century Ireland or County Durham in the same period.
Although I find this quite hard to believe, living in England I very often hear both “barney” and “paddy” used to describe commotion. And Paddy is definitely used to indicate stereotypical Irishness. Just because I find it hard to believe doesn’t make it impossible
Just to throw another (unsubstantiated) idea into the mix, could Barney perhaps come from Blarney - as in “kiss the Blarney Stone”?
I think I should make it clear what I mean - I’m not trying to say that kissing the Blarney Stone leads to a fight. I mean that it is closely associated with being Irish, which Partridge suggests makes one “rowdy”. Just a thought.