There seems to be a massive variety of local words for referring to hills and streams in the UK. For example, brook, ghyll and burn are all used for streams, and tor, peak, ben and crag are all used for hills of various sorts.
Is there a list with all the local names for geographical features on it?
The reason for this is that english has a habit of mugging other languages in a dark alley and rifling pockets for loose nouns 
You find examples of geographic features in old Norse, saxon, norman french, gallic, cornish, uncle Tom Cobbly and all. It’s the way english is.
Si
Ordnance Survey maps in Scotland (and Wales presumably) always advertise a booklet called “Place names on maps of Scotland and Wales” that ‘includes a glossary of the most common Gaelic, Scandinavian and Welsh elements used on Ordnance Survey maps of Scotland and Wales’.
Obviously that won’t help you with Anglo Saxon (or Danish probably) place names.
On the subject of alleys, that’s opened another can of worms, with each town seeming to have its own name for them. Some examples are :-
jitty, jennel, ginnel, twitchel, twitten, bacskie, wynd, close, entry, eight-foot, ten-foot and jetty. I am sure there are many more.
Vennel is another. I suppose that there are cognates in your list.
“Gate” is another word for alley, eg Cowgate in Edinburgh, or Micklegate in York. People understandably assume it means “gate” as in modern English but it’s actually a different word, cognate with “gasse” in German.
And then in other cases, it means ‘gate’, of course! I’m thinking of London - Bishopsgate, Moorgate, etc.
I can’t believe the two meanings are entirely independent. Narrow passageways tend to have gates in them.
To be strictly accurate “gate” is derived from the Viking word “gata” which means street, and not just alleyway.
Chambers English Dictionary
gate (1) passage into a city, enclosure, or any large building … [O.E. geat a way, Du gat, O.N. gat]
gate (2) (Scot. and North. dial a way, path, street (often in street-names, as Cowgate, Kirkgate)… [O.N gata, Dan. gade, Ger gasse.]
The 2nd meaning is cognate with “gait” as in way of walking.
In reply to Usram’s point, the dictionary doesn’t say whether the 2 Old Norse words gat and gata are the same word or not. Until an Old Norse expert chimes in we can’t be sure their similarity isn’t pure chance. We might also need another expert to say whether “-gate” street names in English cities are one or the other, or both.
We have several of these “gates” here in Newark (Kirk Gate, Castle Gate, Middle Gate, North Gate, Carter Gate etc.) And I am almost certain that they refer to the second meaning and not the first. There used to be a wall round the town but these streets appear not to have a connection with it.
There is, of course, Torpenhow Hill, literally “Hillhillhill Hill”. 
Less egregiously, there is a “How Hill” in Norfolk.