“If Bush’s challenge of the manual recount goes to SCOTUS, and SCOTUS ruled the recount was valid, would you fail to consider the remedy final unless the court also ruled that Bush could not challenge any other aspect of the election if Florida?”
The key questions are what relief is being sought, and what is the basis for the courts’ decisions.
For example, Bush has asked the District Court in Florida for a Temporary Restraining Order (“TRO”) that would prevent a hand-count. One of the things that you typically have to show to get a TRO is a likelihood of irreparable injury. Let’s suppose that the District Court issues the TRO (and later, a preliminary injunction (“PI”)).
The defendants might appeal to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which they would be entitled to do on an emergent basis. The Eleventh Circuit might disolve the TRO (or PI), finding that Bush has not shown sufficient likelihood of irreparable injury.
Bush might then appeal to the Supremes (who probably would decline to hear his appeal), but let’s suppose that they consider it, and affirm the decision of the Eleventh Circuit.
And this could all happen in a matter of days.
Where are we now? For one thing, the hand re-count would go forward. And the Supreme Court’s decision is final in the sense that there’s nowhere else for Bush to turn to stop the re-count. But none of the courts involved in this hypothetical has issued a “final” judgment or order as that term is used by lawyers.
Note that Bush can still challenge the election, the re-count, anything he likes. The only thing that the Supreme Court has said is that he hasn’t shown a likelihood of irreperable injury.
Turning back to the “Pentagon Papers,” I think that the source of the confusion was the difference between “final” and “moot.” The Supreme Court’s decision was “final” in the practical sense that once the materials are published, the cat is out of the bag, so to speak.
But let’s suppose that after the Supreme Court decision in the Pentagon Papers, the government applied for a permanent injunction. This application would have been denied on grounds of “mootness,” not because the Supreme Court decision was “final.”
Also important is the basis for the courts’ decision. Another issue that is considered when a TRO is issued is the likelihood of success on the merits. If the Supreme Court says that you’re not likely to succeed on the merits, then, as a practical matter, you’re in trouble