What do you think of your government?
Do you think it is fair?
Just?
There could be quite a few answers to these questions. Like wolfstu, I have an appreciation for the parliamentary system of government. On the whole, it is effective form for passing new legislation with the expectation that those elected as part of the governing party will vote along party lines. You will not often see a ‘free vote’ where members are free to break away from their party; sometimes it can lead members to “cross the floor” leaving their party, though this is a rare and noteworthy result. It reduces the scope of individual member lobbying that you see in the US, though lobbying does certainly exist. You also don’t get the weird add-ons to legislation that you see in the US. As a result, the PM and the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) (at the federal level) can, and often does, wield a significant amount of control over Cabinet, caucus, and the legislative agenda. This has certainly been the case for our most recent PM, Stephen Harper, but this is hardly unique at either the federal or provincial level.
Counter-balancing this in part is the potential for a government to fall for failing to successfully get a “money bill” through the House. Referred to as a non-confidence motion, which can have a wider scope, these will result in an election being called.
The Senate exists at the federal level but has no provincial equivalent. It consists of appointed members, and can be irrelevant 99% of the time, and then suddenly perform a useful role as the place for sober second thought.
At the federal level there continues to be issues around regional representation, with provinces with higher population bases dominating the House of Commons. There are also political dynamics driven from this that cause angst in other areas of the country.
There are also some problematic aspects of the division of powers between the federal and provincial governments. Under the British North America Act, the provincial governments received power to deal with most of the social aspects of governing, for example, health and education. Unfortunately, they did not receive the same breadth of authority to tax as did the federal government; provincial governments can only tax directly. So, the provincial governments have the greatest responsibility as it relates to social spending, but not the accompanying revenue base. The scheme of transfer payments from the federal to provincial governments to support these programs is complicated and again leads to calls of favouritism.
Government services are increasingly being offered to citizens through umbrella agencies. At the federal level, for example, Service Canada provides a broad range of services including passport issuance, Social Insurance Number issuance, and Employment Insurance. It is the one-stop concept that is progressing, and available for both online, telephone and in-person services. These are also forming at the provincial level.
Your Legal System–good or bad? Effective/ineffective?
As Spoons did, I’ll admit upfront that I’m also a lawyer. That said, I think the legal system is a good one. Rooted firmly (excepting Quebec) in British common law, its foundation is not significantly different than the systems contained in the UK, or the US, for that matter.
Patriation of the Constitution in 1982, was a pivotal moment for the Canadian legal system on a number of fronts, including the establishment of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which addresses both collective and individual rights. The courts have taken a “living tree” method to interpretation, rather than “framer’s intent” which will ensure its continuing robustness. Canadian society has changed significantly since 1982, and both criminal and civil law has been changed along with it, sometimes reacting and sometimes driving the change.
Canadian governments have a strong legal infrastructure though that includes systems that include: corporate and company registries, provincial registries that record financial interests in personal property, and provincial registries of ownership of and interests in land (many of which also provide the definitive statement of ownership). We also have a fairly feeble (but expensively built) federal gun registry.
Some of the challenges include: the affordability of accessing the system. Legal aid (a provincial responsibility) is stretched thinly in most jurisdictions, and there may be very limited access for civil matters. Some civil issues such as dealing with landlords, or the claiming unpaid wages, or complaints to the Human Rights Commission, are made through expedited processes to government bodies, and legal representation is not needed.
Both the judicial system and the governments have struggled to address issues and claims of first nations people. Progress is being made on this front, but it is only progress.
Do you feel that you get a good return on the tax money you pay?
Reasonably good return, I suppose. As in many countries, we pay taxes at the civic level (property ownership), provincial level and federal level. Federal taxation is progressive for individuals (rate escalating with income). Provinces collect their taxes simultaneously with filing of the federal return; there is a provincial return component. Some provinces, like one that I live in, earn significant revenue through taxation related to resource exploitation. There has been big money for Saskatchewan in the oil & gas industry in the last few years. Spending is significant on health, and costs continue to rise with the aging of the baby boomers. How you feel about return on tax money varies by province, since as mentioned most of the social programs occur at the provincial level.
If a Yank with job skills were considering moving there, possibly permanently, could you recommend it?
If you were in his place?
Yes, though I am admittedly biased. I would advise said Yank, however, to confirm whether they qualify. As with the US, it’s not just a matter of packing up the van and crossing the border.