Consumer Fireworks USA vs. Europe

So, the U.S.'s fireworks laws vary from state to state, with some states forbidding everything more powerful than lighting your cigarette, and others (looking at you, Missouri) just say “fuck it” and allow basically anything.

Or so I thought.

Watching some European firworks channels – like this guy – it seems that what you can get at the consumer level blurs the line between “backyard fun” and “military artillery.” Now, I’ll grant you that this channel appears to be from Eastern Europe, where (in some places anyway) perhaps enforcement of fireworks laws isn’t a top priority. Or maybe TheOftler has better recording equipment to fully capture the BOOMs of the explosions compared to American fireworks YouTubers that I watch.

So if you’re a European Doper, could you give me the general gist of what your fireworks laws are? And what the enforcement is like? And what the cost is like?

As a baseline, I note that, here in Missouri anyway (with some of the most freewheeling fireworks laws in the 50 states), a rocket like this would cost probably $10 for one, maybe a 15-pack for $100. A 500-gram cake, which (I believe) is the largest you can get in Missouri at the consumer level, would cost probably $150-250.

Increasingly tighter laws over the years in the UK. (When I think what we could get away with when I was a nipper…!)

Some US states do allow what amounts to military hardware. In Montana, for instance, I don’t think there were any restrictions at all at the state level (some municipalities had rules, but it’s easy enough to just go outside the city line).

And I think it might have tightened up in recent years, but some states have a toothless approach where it’s legal to sell anything in the state, just illegal to set them off in the state, so when you buy them you have to make a wink-wink-nudge-nudge statement that yes, of course you’re going to take them out of the state before setting them off. Then, on the Fourth, everyone sets them off anyway, a few neighbors call the cops, and nothing ever comes of it because the cops don’t have the resources to deal with everyone setting them off.

So, basically, Missouri :wink:

Although now it seems most Missouri fireworks stands have ditched the pretense.

The Netherlands supposedly has a tradition of setting off consumer fireworks for NYE. The image of the tradition goes something like this:
Family and friends gather for NYE. Everyone wears their prettiest…jeans (Dutch people categorically do not dress up). There is champagne and “oliebollen” (lit. “oil balls”, deep fried dough). At midnight, everybody steps outside and the dads set off pretty fireworks. Happy New Years are exchanged, fireworks are admired, children sent to bed, all is right with the world.

Reality is more like this:
From late November, cities turn into warzones. Children throw explosives at people, animals and esp. in the underground container communal rubbish collection facilities. The bigger the BOOOM, the more you scared someone, the better. It raises your adrenaline for the whole month. All pets become afraid of loud noises because the onslaught is overwhelming.

Adults drive to Eastern Europe to buy explosives that are illegal here. How the children end up with the explosives I see them with, I cannot say. People spend thousands; last year 105 million euros for 17 million people.

In the north, there’s the tradition of exploding carbide in old-fashioned milk cans. For the big boom.

I usually work NYE. Trying to get the car out of town is insane. There are fireworks and explosives on the road everywhere and it’s hard to see with the gunpowder fumes. The red paper gets wet and coats the streets in sludge.

Every December, children lose eyes, fingers and sometimes their lives. Their parents tearfully make the rounds on television, warning others that — who knew? — explosives can explode.

Every December, the emergency rooms and eye hospitals plead with people to be responsible. The environmental and animal orgs plead with people. Psych orgs and orgs for refugees plead with people to remember those with PTSD.

On Boxing Day, my dad gathers up the animals in an ark (Volvo) and heads out to the woods until it’s over.

The law is that it’s legal to set off consumer fireworks, bought legally in the Netherlands, on NYE from 10 PM. After the pandemic lock downs many people realised how insanely peaceful it is not to deal with a massive adrenaline surge and panicked pets all through December, so lots of cities banned consumer fireworks altogether. It hasn’t made a difference. Police do nothing. I think mostly because the boys who become police officers are the same boys who think “big boom cool, fuck you for taking away my big boom”.

People defend the use of fireworks with the image of the happy NYE gathering where the dads set off a few pretty fireworks in a responsible way, kids watching from a safe distance. (Women are probably in the kitchen, in this stupid fantasy, says enough.) This has nothing to do with reality.

What really helps is a rainy December. So I’m hoping for rain, nasty cold rain that drenches you no matter the precautions, puddles that seep through boots. Cold, relentless, torrential downpours through December please!

Is it because Eastern European law enforcement doesn’t prioritize fireworks laws? Or is it because there are no fireworks laws in (parts of) Eastern Europe (or that they’re way more freewheeling than those of The Netherlands)?

In Israel, unsurprisingly, fireworks are highly regulated. To purchase or use anything larger than a sparkler, you need a fireworks license, which requires a course and an apprenticeship period. Furthermore, actually launching them requires a police permit, which you can get after you submit a detailed plan of what you intend to launch and what what safety measures you’ve taken. Private citizens just don’t set off fireworks. Period.

The categories that @PatrickLondon linked above are EU categories. F4 fireworks are a category that only professionals are allowed to buy, posses and set off throughout the EU. Member states and municipalities can, of course, have their own laws in addition so many places (incl The Netherlands) don’t allow F3.

I don’t really know how it works with buying F4 Cobras in Poland. I guess they’re allowed to be sold to professionals and the people who drive to Poland to buy in bulk know where to go where they won’t ask for your license? There are entire internet fora just for coordinating and sharing info on buying illegal fireworks.

In addition to category F4 fireworks intended as fireworks, it used to be fairly easy to get (I guess?) Soviet era explosives. It’s not really my cup of tea (can you tell?) so I find it hard to be precise.

A related question that I hope the OP won’t object to; what are the occasions for fireworks in countries other than the US? Someone upthread said that in the Netherlands, it’s New Year’s Eve and I think in the UK, it’s Guy Fawkes Night.

I read somewhere that Guy Fawkes Night is a thing in New Zealand, although in that same post I read that New Zealand doesn’t allow anything at all fireworks-wise, even sparklers.

I’d warrant that Western nation that allows (or tolerates) fireworks would likely have them on NYE. Likely Christmas/Boxing Day, too, in culturally Christian places. Maybe July 2 in France (isn’t that Bastille Day?).

Today, actually, July 14.

Well that explains why a couple of Dutch guys I’ve known were pretty unimpressed with US NYE celebrations.

I once spent NYE in Prague, and that was an experience. People shooting huge fireworks out of mortars bouncing down the length of Wenceslas Square instead of up in the air, fireworks whizzing by every which way, and all sorts of wild stuff like that. More than once I had to dodge bottle-rocket type things that came sailing right into the crowd.

Fun though, if a bit insane.

In Denmark consumer fireworks has been tightly controlled since a big fire at a fireworks importer in 2004 flattened much of a small suburb. Fireworks is only sold from 15. december to new years eve, and may only be fired from 27. December to 1. January. It seems to work, I used to hear loud bangs in my neighbourhood all the time from late november to New years eve, not anymore. New years eve is still like a war zone.

ETA: Last NYE about 1 out of 4 households bought fireworks. Total sale equal to about 70 million USD. The biggest batteries can be up to 500 USD.

In the UK:
Big public occasions- Guy Fawkes/Bonfire Night, New Year’s Eve (royal events get gun salutes by the Artillery)

Private occasions: Occasionally people have them for weddings and birthday parties, Hindus will have them for Diwali, and one time when a Royal Navy warship was on a visit to London, moored near where I live, they had a massive firework display to end their open day and reception for local bigwigs.

Of course, ‘bonfire night’ actually turns into a 3 week long firework extravaganza, driving all pet owners completely mad. As Bonfire Night is officially 5 November, people organise firework displays on the nearest convenient Friday/Saturday/Sunday which generally means it spreads over two weekends, and then because all the shops start selling fireworks several weeks in advance, kids find time to set them off randomly any night of the week for several weeks in a row.

I would be happy if they just restricted them to professional displays. Bah humbug.

Big no no in Colorado. Forest fire danger. When on high alert, you can’t even grill on your deck.

In St, Petersburg, Russia, at least up to 8 years plus ago that I lived there, the smaller stuff like rockets and cakes were sold in supermarkets and corner kiosks. Yet on NYE you could see lots of mortars and see the flash then bang of stuff like M-80’s and M1000’s,

Sometime in the 90’s in Nassau Country, Long Island, I was at a large party on July 3rd as the 5th was a work-day. We had all kinds of things but mainly it was the mortars, fired from a tube partly buried in sand in a small can in the middle of a cross-road.

About an hour into the mortar firing eight radio cars from the NCPD swarmed in from every direction in a matter of seconds. Fortunately they could see the tube still smoking in the middle of two roads and even more fortunately one attendee was a cop and another a court officer so wallet badges out and the situation was quickly “defused” so to speak. Someone had reported “shots fired” so we were asked to tone it down a bit.

At another block-party someone had the bright idea to fire a mortar from a tube at least an inch too big. It went up about 6 feet, hovered a moment and went BOOM shooting fiery tendrils everywhere. Amidst all the smoke a few small fires were hosed down.

Thanks for that. I’ve heard this too and seen a couple of the videos. You have beautiful cities and excellent biking and transit infrastructure, worlds ahead of us troglodytes in the US, so it’s nice to know you’re also batshit crazy.

Today is the Swiss National Day, which means it’s also one of the three days a year that it is allowed to set off fireworks. It’s also permitted to set off fireworks on July 31st (day before Swiss National Day) and December 31st.

The article mentions that it’s possible to get permission for firework shows at other times of the year. In September last year one of the towns nearby had fireworks. There was an article in the newspaper the next day as the police received dozens of complaints about fireworks.

Up until a few years ago there were fireworks stands everywhere. Haven’t seen so many this year, but then they only open a few days before the event. There’s also the possibility to buy fireworks online: Fireworks Shop - Pyrotechnics - Bengalos & Smoke

Only 300 CHF for this: August 1st fireworks battery assortment *Zurich* (video in link). I think there are people who buy a few of these for each event.

I’ve been in Amsterdam for NYE, and I wasn’t even in the central part of the city. Batshit crazy indeed. I thought the Swiss were much crazier that the U.S. Amsterdam showed me that the Swiss fireworks are tame.