Lezlers:
You still seem to be missing point. So, I’ll start again from the beginning.
There is nothing wrong with indulging one’s preferences, to a degree. We all do it.
It is very easy to go too far with this indulgence. These things become compulsions, and they may be symptomatic, or may lead to mental illness, or be a conduit for it, or whatever. Psychiatrists don’t claim to know what causes all mental illnesses, so your statement that “eating habits” are somehow excluded as a cause is somewhat ill-advised.
This doesn’t apply to vegetarians alone, it applies to anorexics, obese people, alcoholics, breatharians, compulsive water drinkers etc. etc. etc. In short, when you indulge your preferences to the point of putting yourself at risk you’re crossing the line.
Now, according to the FDA, the recommended nutritional guidelines suggest 2 servings of meat per day to maintain good health and nutrition. With growing children, pregnant women, the elderly, and a couple of other groups, this is particularly important. Certain proteins, calcium b12, vitamin D, etc are most easily gotten from animal-based foods. There is also the issue of maintaining calorie intake necessary to support growth, or an active lifestyle.
What a vegetarian is doing is indulging their personal preferences. If they are careful and conscientious, they can do safely.
A vegetarian who falls into one of the groups mentioned above needs to be extra careful to ensure they are getting the proper nutrition and calorie intake, but it’s still possible to safely indulge the preference in most cases. It would not be possible for me, for example as I engage in strength training, long distance running, and have a large body that naturally consumes lots of fuel.
People are different, and for others it might not be such a problem.
In the dietetic association’s position paper on vegetarianism (and you can find it yourself pretty easily,) it is recommended that vegetarians have occasional meals of fish, or chicken to ensure they’re getting proper nutrition, even though they also say a completely nutritionally balanced diet can be had either according to vegetarian or vegan guidelines.
The bottom line is that a human is omnivorous and has a body that expects to recieve nutrients found in meat. A careful and conscientious vegetarian/vegan can indulge their preference, and find a work-around that gets them those nutrients elsewhere in most cases.
Clearly many people overindulge in meat and fatty products and a vegetarian does not and may recieve certain health benefits.
That’s not an argument for vegetarianism, it’s an argument for not overindulging.
Now we get to the part that’s my opinion based on what I’ve read.
My opinion is that a vegetarian diet should be occasionally supplemented by fish, eggs, or chicken or equivalent meat products just to be safe.
To fail to do so is simply not prudent. There’s not that much margin for error in a vegetarian diet with the workarounds, so why not follow the FDA and the dietetic association’s recommendations and occasionally supplement if it is the safe and prudent thing to do?
Why not do it if you or people you are responsible for are in one of the categories where it is particularly important (gorwing kids, elderly, nursing, pregnant, active, etc?)
If you don’t, you are taking risks that IMO are not particularly prudent. If you are being vegetarian to be healthy than some fish or egg whites eaten occasionally will ensure that your lifestyle is a healthy one and greatly inrease your margin for error in nutritional planning.
It is my opinion that if you are not doing so, you are indulging your preference to an irrational and unjustifiable extent.
It is also my opinion that the majority of people don’t pay too much attention their diets. For an omnivore this is not as much of a concern, because their choices are not as limited as a vegetarian’s and good nutrition is not as hard to attain.
So, a vegetarian who is indulging their preference strictly and who is not extremely concerned and diligent about proper nutition is putting themselves and those in their care at risk. Doubly so if they fall into one of the special risk categories.
If they are being diligent, that is at odds with the perception that I have that most vegetarians are somewhat insistent as to the benefits of their eating choices and are rather cavalier and dismissive about the risks (and steps necessary to reduce those risks,) of going completely and totally meatless.
The couple above would be an extreme example.
But, the statmement “vegetarianism is a healthy alternative,” is not a blanket one.
“Carefullyand well managed vegetarianism may be a healthy alternative” is better.
“Carefull and well-managed vegetarianism with occasional fish/low saturated meat supplements.” is better still.
The fact is that strict vegetarian/veganism is not the healthiest choice.