Okay, I’ve been playing more. This is great! Managed to figure out the basics of military stuff and trading. I hired a broker and bookkeeper, and managed to trade pretty much everything a human caravan was trading in exchange for a metric buttload of rock piccolos and live rats. 
I hope you guys’ll humor me with a few more questions:
Animal training: I can’t get this to work. I have kennels and an animal trainer, and I have plenty of dogs to train (both puppies and adults), but I can’t train wardogs. I also couldn’t train any of the rats that my traps caught using the small animal training. I keep getting the message I have no available animal. Do they have to be in cages? If so, how do I get a free dog in a cage, or a trapped rat into a cage? Also, can you train dogs that are already adopted as pets?
Magma: Where is it? I’d love to experiment but I don’t see any. Do I have to dig down really deep? Do I actually have to get adjacent to it, like water, or will it show up on the map when I reach that level? Where should I look?
Enemies: Where are they?! I’m in the third year and nobody has shown up. Nothing hostile whatsoever. No combat has occurred. My only casualty so far was a war dog I accidentally set as ready for slaughter. :smack: I don’t really mind, since I chose a calm biome, but I’m beginning to get suspicious. It took about a year for the Goblin civilization to show up on my list of civs, but now it does. I haven’t found anything underground yet… just layer upon layer of stone and ore. I guess I should count my blessings but I won’t ever learn until something shows up, and I’d prefer my first experience wasn’t a massive siege…
Military: So I managed to get my guys to train themselves. However, I really had cruddy equipment at the start. However, I finally figured out how to make copper and forge weapons/armor, which is a marginal improvement, plus I traded for a bunch of bronze armor. How do I get them to trade their wooden weapons/shields for metal ones? I can see the uniform menu, but there doesn’t seem to be an option based on material. Do they do this automatically at some point? I put the weapon and armor stockpiles right by their barracks.
Also, one of my miners seems to be really confused. I set him in the military temporarily (I didn’t have much mining to do at the time) and then took him out again, but all he does is individual training drills, all the time. Even if I set training off in the barracks. Even though he’s not in any squad. ??? How do I get him to stop? All he does is stand there, all day long, training. Occasionally, he’ll eat or sleep, and then he’ll train again. He trains more than the guys in my actual squad! I appreciate his devotion but I want my legendary miner back. It’s been several seasons since I removed him.
Just plain stupidity: Some of my dwarves are starving and dying of thirst, despite a huge abundance of food and alcohol! One particular moron had a tantrum because he was starving and sleeping on the floor. He’s on my farming level, and I even put an extra bunch of beds up there because the farmers wouldn’t always walk to their rooms, but he didn’t use that either. How do you starve when you’re never more than 10 squares away from a food stockpile?! The dining room is probably a 15 square walk from the food, but I put an extra food stockpile next to the dining room, too. My fortress isn’t that big, so I’m confused why the dwarves won’t always eat. This only seems to happen to certain dwarves – usually the farmers, which makes no sense to me.