I honestly couldn’t begin to speculate. It is so far beyond the realm of modern life and experience that I don’t think anybody’s opinion on this would be informed enough to make a reasoned argument one way or another. Unless women of that time wrote about such experiences and it’s possible to be a historical expert on the subject, I have no idea.
My knee-jerk reaction, of course, living in modern society, is that I’d rather be raped at knifepoint by a stranger than by my own husband, whom I love and trust more than anyone else in the world. I already have experience being violated by 2 people I loved and trusted more than anyone else in the world, and contend that it sucks. Of course, if I lived 300 years ago and spousal rape were a routine thing, perhaps I would have never had that expectation or trust in the first place. There’s no way of knowing.
See, that’s kind of the thing. People assume the knifepoint rape is more bad because there is a legitimate fear of death or physical harm. Certainly many women raped by their husbands can be reasonably certain that they aren’t going to die (though I might also question that assumption given the high rates of domestic-violence rated murder.) But in the latter case, the psychological betrayal is profound. Date rape also has this element of betrayal - we all know we can’t trust knife-weilding maniacs on the street, but we’d like to be reasonably certain that we can trust our stepfathers, our coworkers, or the nice guy we’ve been on four dates with. When your sense of security in your social world is shattered, it changes everything.
Does that mean spousal rape is more bad than knifepoint rape? No. Because fearing for your life sucks too. Context.
If that were the primary factor, I think we’d see a pretty dramatic variance between relative levels of rape trauma from society to society and context to context. I don’t think we really have that. Put another way: do we have lower rates of PTSD when rape happens in societies where sexual mores are more relaxed? No, I don’t think we do. The U.S. arguably has very relaxed sexual mores relative to a lot of other countries, but rape is still a traumatic and horrible thing in the U.S.
For rape as a crime, I wouldn’t want to downplay the inherent trauma of having your bodily integrity violated, regardless of social context. I think there is something very primal about it, as primal as sex itself. For rates of PTSD, rape goes up there with torture, being a POW, or being in a concentration camp. I’d be hard-pressed to argue that those other things are bad because of society’s perception of them. Another generalization we can make is that when someone is made to suffer at the hands of another person, it is psychologically worse than if the suffering is non-pesonal (e.g. earthquake.)