I am a college student, and so I see a fair amount of Christian evangelism from the student groups on campus. I am an atheist, so they are usually pretty eager to talk to me. One thing I’ve noticed that these evangelists will emphasize is that in Christianity, as opposed to all other major religions, good works have nothing to do with whether you will live forever in paradise. The only criteria, as it has been explained to me, are that you believe that Christ died for your sins, and you accept him as you saviour. If you fail to meet either, you go to hell. You go to hell and you die.
However, it strikes me that a just god would not punish me for my beliefs. For a just god would only punish me for sins I could, in principle, choose to do or not do, and I find that I cannot choose what I believe.
To convince myself of this, I considered a thought experiment. Suppose someone where to tell me that if I did not make myself believe that, say, a Republican will be President of the United States in 2078, then they would kill me and my family in some horrible fashion. Suppose further that I believe that they could and would make good on this threat. Still, I cannot see how I could make myself believe that a Republican will be President of the United States in 2078, though I would desperately want too. Not, of course, that I believe that this will not be the case. I have no belief either way. And no matter how I try, I could not change this. I can not make myself believe something by will alone.
Now, if the evil person making this threat could not entice me to believe something by will alone, even though I did believe in the dire consequence of my failure to do so, how can God expect me to have the power to choose to believe in him, when I don’t even believe in the threat of going to hell (since if I did, I’d already believe in him?)
I realize that, strictly speaking, God is not damning me to hell for my lack of belief, but rather for my sins which would have been expunged had I believed. But the fact remains that God is letting something which I cannot control determine whether I go to hell or not. It would be no better if he let the weather in Beijing on July 15th, 1357 (just to pick something at random) determine the fate of my soul.
And so I pose this question to those so inclined to answer: How can a just God (in effect) punish lack of belief?