3rd US President (1801-1809), Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson concluded the Louisiana Purchase with Napoleon and engaged the US into it’s 1st international war, The Barbary Wars. The Barbary States were governed by the Islamic Ottoman Empire at that time. The Ottoman Empire assigned a sultan to each of these Islamic Barbary States.
5th US President (1817-1825), Democratic-Republican (formerly Anti-Federalist) James Monroe of Virginia, established the “Monroe Doctrine” claiming American superiority in the Western Hemisphere and fought European interventions in Latin America by the Spanish and Portuguese. Politically fought Russia over claims to the North American Pacific coastline. Ordered his appointee, Andrew Jackson the US General, to punish the Spanish in the Seminole Wars and to defeat the Seminole Indians of Florida as part of the Monroe Doctrine. He was a strong supporter of the French Revolution and helped to later negotiate the Louisiana Purchase with Napoleon. Gabriel’s Slave Rebellion attempted to capture President Monroe and force him to free all slaves, but were hampered by severe weather and were unsuccessful. The admittance of Missouri, under the Missouri Compromise of 1820, as a Slave State was a leading factor in establishing the Civil War and was later abolished under the Dred Scott Decision of 1857.
Formerly, Anti-Federalist Party and later known as the Democratic-Republican Party, had its name officially changed by Democratic President Andrew Jackson to the Democratic Party (which is why Democrats advertise themselves as America’s oldest Party from 1801-to current).
7th US President (1829-1837), Democrat Andrew Jackson of Tennessee didn’t help minorities when initiating the Trail of Tears that slaughtered the Cherokee Nation here in GA and moved others to Oklahoma. Andrew Jackson used the US military to forcibly shutdown the 2nd Bank of the US (1816-1841): Now called the US Federal Reserve Bank as the unofficial “3rd Bank of the US“). This lead to the collapse of the US economy and lead to the Trail of Tears because of the Georgia Gold Rush in the Appalachian Mountains (Blue Ridge communities like Dahlonega) which has the purest known gold in the world with the least amount of impurities leading to less processing.
11th US President (1845-1849), Democrat James Knox Polk of Tennessee policy “Manifest Destiny” provoked the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 (1847, American Invasion of Mexico) that resulted in the annexations from Mexico of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Oklahoma, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, and California; while Oregon was taken from Great Britain. James K. Polk instituted his “Slaver Power” policy by fighting against the Wilmot Proviso, which would have abolished slavery in newly annexed territories/States.
Congressional Democrat, Jacob Brinkerhoff of Ohio, abandoned his Democratic Party in favor of the (anti-slavery) Free Soil Party and authored the Wilmot Proviso. Jacob Brinkerhoff then helped to create the Ohio Republican Party in 1856. Congressional Democrat, David Wilmot of Pennsylvania, abandoned his Democratic Party in favor of the Free Soil Party and co-authored the Wilmot Proviso. David Wilmot helped to create the Pennsylvania Republican Party in 1856. He became the 1st Republican candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania, but lost that election.
14th US President (1853-1857), Democrat Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire, drafted the Ostend Manifesto, which would annex Cuba by force if necessary, as a “Slave State” to expand the Southern States. Pierce helped his appointee, Democrat Jefferson Davis the US Secretary of War, to establish the Confederate States of America. Many believed he was a member of the secret society Knights of the Golden Circle that wished to annex the islands of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico as member Slave States of the Southern US.
1857, Dred Scott of Missouri decision declared in the US Supreme Court, overruled the Missouri Compromise of 1820 as unconstitutional due to denying farmers of their right to own property under the US Constitution. All 7 justices appointed by Democrats declared slaves and their children to be property under the law with no legal right to citizenship. The justices appointed by the Whig Party dissented, 2 in all in the Scott decision. The Whigs argued that indentured servants, slaves, and children of either are eligible citizens and not property of individuals. The Whig Party now rapidly declines as their prior efforts to compromise with Democrats to avoid war under the Missouri Compromise of 1820 is deemed unconstitutional; because the law was unequally applied towards slave ownership above and below the parallel (Mason Dixon Line).
15th US President (1857-1861), Democrat James Buchanan, Jr. of Pennsylvania privately supported the Ostend Manifesto and strongly supported the Corwin Amendment. The Corwin Amendment would have prevented the federal government’s legislature from making any determinations regarding slavery and move all authority to States’ legislatures. Corwin would allow the equal application of slave laws within each individual State. This amendment’s support was supposed to be a compromise by the Whig Party to avoid the Civil War and to avoid the Confederacy’s creation by removing the federal government from the slave debate. The Whig Party took the bate and became insignificant after making two major blunders with the Missouri and Corwin compromises contradicting their core values against slavery.
US House of Representatives, Whig Thomas Corwin of Ohio, introduced the Corwin Amendment to prevent any future Amendments to the US Constitution that would empower the US government to enforce laws over domestic institutions within any State, to include preventing the abolishment of the institution of slavery or indentured servitude allowable within each States’ laws. This Bill was defeated by Republicans in the US House of Representatives.
Democratic Representative (1845-1861) and prior Democratic Senator of Mississippi (1835-1845), Jefferson Finis Davis eventually helped his Democratic Party establish the Confederate States of America. The Democratic Party overwhelmingly voted for Davis as the President of the Confederacy (1861-1865).
Confederate States of America nominees:
Vice President
Alexander Stephens 1861–1865
Secretary of State
Robert Toombs 1861
Robert M.T. Hunter 1861–1862
Judah P. Benjamin 1862–1865
Secretary of the Treasury
Christopher Memminger 1861–1864
George Trenholm 1864–1865
John H. Reagan 1865
Secretary of War
Leroy Pope Walker 1861
Judah P. Benjamin 1861–1862
George W. Randolph 1862
James Seddon 1862–1865
John C. Breckinridge 1865
Secretary of the Navy
Stephen Mallory 1861–1865
Postmaster General
John H. Reagan 1861–1865
Attorney General
Judah P. Benjamin 1861
Thomas Bragg 1861–1862
Thomas H. Watts 1862–1863
George Davis 1864–1865
At the collapse of the Federalist Party/Whig Party due to the Missouri Compromise of 1820, Abraham Lincoln created the Republican Party of Illinois in 1856, and ran on an anti-slavery platform that won him 60% of the populist/electoral-college vote against his opposition: Democrat John Cabell Breckinridge of Kentucky (2nd in electoral-college votes), who later served as the Confederate States of America, Secretary of War.
13TH Amendment to the US Constitution (Dec. 6th, 1865): Prohibits Slavery and Involuntary Servitude, authored and signed into law by:
16th US President (1861-1865), Republican Abraham Lincoln of Illinois.
US Secretary of State, Republican William Henry Seward, Sr. of New York
US House of Representatives introduced the legislation via: a.) Republican James Mitchell Ashley of Ohio
b.) Republican James F. Wilson of Iowa
US Senate introduced legislation via:
a.) Republican Lyman Trumbull of Illinois
b.) Republican Charles Summer of Massachusetts
Fredrick Douglass delivers speeches in favor of Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation.
From 1865-1867, Confederate Democrats in Pulaski, TN created the KKK via the Immortal Six, their president Brian A. Scates, Confederate Brigadier General George Gordon as president, and Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest as Grand Wizard. The Democratic Party, via their KKK grassroots organization, successfully assassinated over 2,000 Republican candidates during the US 1868 elections in opposition to the Republican Reconstruction, anti-slavery, Irish, Jewish, and Catholic immigration; this prevented any Republicans from taking office in the Deep South for nearly 50yrs. and closed-out major elections for nearly the whole century.
17th US President (1865-1869), Democrat (briefly, National Union Party due to Civil War’s unpopularity of Democratic Party) Andrew Johnson of Tennessee vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
18th US President (1869-1877), Republican Hiram Ulysses S. Grant of Ohio, (1st Republican to win 2-terms) signed into law:
15th Amendment to the US Constitution, allowing Freedmen the right to vote equally amongst all other races.
Civil Rights Act of 1875, equal access in public facilities and jury pooling
Force Act of 1870 & Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871: enabled the US Union Army to put down protest and arrest any known member of the KKK, White Knights, Red Shirts, and White League; who’s involved in harassment, assassinations, or intimidations of Republicans, pastors, Native Americans, Jews, Catholics, Irish, or those of African descent.
1868, Fredrick Douglass campaigns for Grant.
Fredrick Douglass nominated 1872 Vice Presidential Candidate of the National Equal Rights Party.
1877, Fredrick Douglass appointed US Marshal.
1888 Republican National Convention, Fredrick Douglass received roll call votes for Presidential nomination.
28th US President (1913-1921), Democrat Woodrow Wilson of Virginia didn’t help minorities when he initiated segregated schools and buses and aggressively helped Democrats achieve separate but equal establishments.