It seems similar in principal to the code-estimation problem: the first 90% of the problem takes 90% of the time, then the second 10% of the problem takes the other 90% of the time.
There are several versions of this formulation in computer science.
In your case, cleaning the first 90% of hairs makes it 90% clean, but the remaining 10% of hairs make it still 90% dirty 
Could it be something along the lines of suvivorship bias?
In the sense that loking at the situation ignoring the previous events leads to an error in evaluation?
E Problemus Unum? 
I’m not aware of an english term for it, but I’d be very surprised if some foreign language doesn’t a rather elegant depiction of it.
“Baseline” captures part of the issue. Your baseline (for the sink, at least) is what it looked like before you cleaned it, while your wife’s baseline is the sink’s condition before you shaved. Thus the final condition is improved from your baseline, but below your wife’s baseline.
Any given night I might have a bowl, tiny plate, or glass in the bedroom.
It can’t be that odd to enjoy a bit of ice cream, or a few cookies, or a drink of some sort before going to sleep.
You bought a really bad model. Some are like that, I bought one like that recently and the vacuum was less than useless and blew the hair around the sink making things worse. I returned it. A decent one (like the replacement I bought) will get the vast majority of the hair.
The non-scientific answer might be “not seeing the wood for the trees”.
This is a distant cousin to the problem of the caretaker’s bicycle (where a committee will spend half an hour arguing about where the caretaker’s bicycle should be stored and then vote through a multi-million project more or less on the nod).
Before this gets too stale, on a similar note more than once I’ve been on the receiving end of this scenario:
Wife comes home from store, stuffs bags and packaging from new purchases into empty trashcan filling it to overflowing in one fell swoop, then immediately complains that “you never take out the trash.”
Yes. The name is marriage.
I sympathize with the OP. I’m reminded of when there’s a commercial jet crash, and everyone ignores the fact that 99.9999% of flights that day took off and landed safely.
Anyway, if the problem is marriage, the solution is separate bathrooms.
*occasionally I clean plant pots in the kitchen sink. You’d think that my washing the vast majority of soil particles down the drain would be sufficient, but no. :mad:
Yeah, but you never actually do the dishes all the time. Come on, we know you!
Nope. For such a use you have to restore the sink to a condition better than it was before you started - but you don’t gain any points by pointing out that it is so.