Moe Howard and the Australian Mermaid

Somehow a copy of Moe Howard’s autobiography, I Stooged to Conquer, showed up on my KIndle. I didn’t order it, unless it was accidentally when I was looking over KIdle Store options. I already had a hard copy of it, back when the title was Moe Howard and the Three Stooges. But it was there, and worth re-reading.

I came across this choice bit:

I knew about Annette Kellermann (she spelled her name both with and without a final “nn”) – I had written about her in my book Lost Wonderland, the history of Revere MA’s Wonderland Park, the largest in New England while it was open between 1906 and 1910. The park was noted for having the latest attractions and for changing its offerings frequently. 1908 was arguably their biggest year. Their roster of live performers included Chiquita the Doll Lady, Pawnee Bill and his Wild West show, and Annette Kellermann – The Australian Mermaid.

There’s a lot written about Kellermann on the internet, and a lot of it is wrong. She overcame rickets (not polio, as is often stated), took up swimming to build up her legs (and she initially hated it), and rapidly rose to become one of the best swimmers in the world. She narrowly missed being the first woman to swim the English Channel. She was by turns famous and infamous for her form-fitting bathing suit, which she designed (and later marketed and sold) herself. The story most often told about her is how she was arrested on Revere Beach in 1908 when she appeared in her abbreviated bathing suit for a exercise swim across Broad Sound. She defended herself ably at the trial, the story continues, arguing how an athletic competitor couldn’t afford all those ruffles and drag-inducing frills. And besides, she was completely covered up. The story not only appeared in print, it was dramatized in her 1952 biopic, Million Dollar Mermaid (in which Esther Williams played Kellermann).

It’s a great and dramatic story. And, as if often the case with great and dramatic stories, there’s not a bit of truth in it. Kellermann was never arrested for her skimpy (by contemporary standards) bathing suit, although other women were. There arre no police records of the arrest, no trial records, and no contemporary newspaper accounts of the arrest or trial. The story first appears in the 1920s. Kellermann later wrote it up in her still unpublished autobiography, which the screenwriter used for the movie, and which Kellermann approved. It’s pretty clear that Kellermann made the story up and promoted it herself. I’d explain why she did this, but this digression is already too long. It’s in my book.

So my eyes lit up when I saw this about Kellermann. How interesting that her life and Moe Hoiward’s intersected in this way. So I looked into it.

Kellermann’s act consisted of swimming and diving. After she opened the way, lots of copycat “Diving Girl” acts started sprining up. I hadn’t heard that Kellermann had every performed at Coney Island, so I started looking through newspaper accounts – and couldn’t find any mention of it. Kellermann was performing in New York in 1912, but it was onstage in midtown Manhattan at the Winter Garden theater and elsewhere. And she had no cadre of Diving Girls with her.

Not finding corroboration here, I decided to look into the other name listed – the unfortunate .Gladys Kelly. I did find reports of her death. In fact, the story was reported in newspapers across the country. Sometimes on the front page. But she didn’t die in 1912. Her tragic accident occurred at the end of October, 1913. And she was not associated with Kellermann.

Gladys Kelly was part of an act called “Six Diving Belles”. They were performing at the Hansen theater in Brooklyn at the beginning of October, 1913, but had moved to the 86th street theater in Manhattan by the end of the month. I found Gladys in some stories about competitive swimmers in Brooklyn, too.
In the act, six girls dove off high boards , performing a somersault on the way down. Gladys was backstage atop the diving board while a comedian was performing onstage. The Boards were very springy and easy to fall off of. She didn’t misjudge an intended dive in front of an audience – she accidentally fell off while still backstage. The newspaper accounts make much of the comedian performing while tragedy occurred behind the curtain. Her head struck the side of the tank and she broke her neck. Sadly, she didn’t die instantly, but was taken a few blocks away to Flowers Hospital, where she expired.

This all makes me suspicious of Moe Howard’s account. He clearly wasn’t performing with Annette Kellermann – she didn’t have any Diving Girls with her. But I found it hard to believe that he was performing with Six Diving Belles. By his own account, four of them were boys (in their teens). I could believe if they were part of a company of , say, twenty diving “girls”, It’d be easy to ignore a few boys among the girls in a large group. But it four of the Six Diving Belles were boys, I think people would’ve noticed. And I think that, if they had to perform a somersault on the way down, Moe would’ve mentioned it. His account suggests relatively simple diving.

So what WAS Moe doing? There were, in fact, Diving Girl shows at two of the big amusement parks on Coney Island – Dreamland and Luna Park. He, Ted, and the other boys might have been part of one of those. Or of some other Diving Girl shows. I know there were copycat shows in Revere at the time – it wouldn’t surprise me in there were more in Brooklyn that just these.

Moe was writing his autobiography sixty years after the fact. He might easily have gotten details wrong. Searching his mind for names he could easily have remembered the spectacular Annette Kellermann (still faintly redolent of scandal, even after all this time) and the well-publicized death of Gladys Kelly.

The thing to do, if you want to be sure, is to contact someone who might know. So I wrote to Moe’s family. To my surprise, they wrote back. Moe hadn’t talked about this incident, and kept no memorabilia of it. But he was no fabulist – he was guilty, at most, or misremembering, no o making things up.

Interesting read. Thanks.

Yeah, it’s easy to see how six decades might blur memories. He performed with diving girls, and the most famous diver was Kellerman. And a performing diving girl prominently died from it, and that may well have been what convinced him to leave the field. Easy enough to misremember that the dead girl wasn’t from his specific company, or that his company wasn’t specifically associated with Kellerman (especially since they probably did imply a connection for the sake of publicity).

One other interesting detail – the manager of the Six Diving Belles act was Harry Abbott. I haven’t been able to verify it, but this might have been Henry Wilburn “Harry” Abbot Sr. (1860-1942). He was the right age, and he had managed acts about that time. He was also the grandfather of William Alexander “Bud” Abbott, who partnered with Lou Costello.

This was a fantastic analysis, and I was enthralled by every bit of it. Thank you so much!!! By the way, Henry Wilburn “Harry” Abbot Sr. was Bud Abbot’s father (not his grandfather). That would be so cool if Moe was in the same diving act that was run by Bud’s father. If it was, it’s strange that Moe apparently never figured that out, or thought it wasn’t important enough to ever bring up.

Another theory about what Moe was doing is that he could have been on yet another diving team, and once he and his friends heard about what happened to Gladys Kelly in her diving team, they decided to give up on the sport. I suppose that’s also a possibility.

Thanks again for the great work!! Wish you would have written more. Seems like you had more to say.

Thanks for the kind words, Shemp. I do indeed have more to say, but it’s about Kellermann, not Moe and Ted. I grew up watching the Stooges, and read Moe’s autobiography, but I only know what’s in it, aside from this bit of research.

But I knew a lot more about Annette Kellermann. I wrote a book about an amusement park where she appeared one summer – Wonderland in Revere. There’s a story that she was arrested on Revere Beach because she wore her notoriously short and form-fitting bathing suit, and was charged with public indecency. The story goes on to say that she ably defended herself in court against these charges. The story found its way into the biopic they made of Kellermann’s life, Million Dollar Mermaid, starring Esther Williams. Kelermann herself was technical advisor, and the story was based on her unpublished (to this day) autobiography.
But the story’s not true, despite appearing in multiple places, in newspapers, ad even in her official biography. There are no police reports or court records of the incident. More to the point, it appears in no contemporary newspapers (even though these did report on other women being arrested on Revere Beach that summer because of their bathing suits, and there are news reports of Kellermann being arrested for other reasons). The story doesn’t appear in print until twenty years later. And the person telling it was – Annette Kellermann. She also allowed it to appear in her biopic.
There was a reason I believe that Kellermann spread this false story, but it’d take too long to tell here. It’s in my book Lost Wonderland: The Brief and Brilliant Life of Boston’s Million Dollar Amusement Park. You can se a bit about the park and pictures of Kellermann at my website

Such an interesting read and great research! We’d love to get your permission to feature your writing in The Three Stooges Journal, the quarterly publication of The Three Stooges Fan Club, Inc. Please reach out at stoogeum.staff@gmail.com.

I have been to The Stoogeum! One fan’s collection grew so truly massive and phenomenal, he turned it into a museum. I highly recommend it! The Stoogeum includes a small theater which constantly shows Three Stooges shorts.

I’ve written back to them, but haven’t yet gotten a reply.

I never heard of the Stoogeum before. It’s in Pennsylvania, just north of Philadelphia, and I’m going to have to visit. Here’s their website:

The weird thing in their logo is clearly the Professor Danfortth’s “multifunctional military vessel” from the 1962 feature film The Three Stooges in Orbit

While surfing elsewhere on the web today, I found this collection of photos of her

She was an interesting one, Annette Kellermann was (she spelled her name both with and without the double “n”). She was almost the second person ever to swim the English Channel (and the first woman), but didn’t quite make it. She put on swimming and diving exhibitions in Europe and America.

And she was notorious for her form-fitting bathing suit.

Looked at objectively, and especially in light of modern swimsuits, it makes perfect sense, but it was just short of scandalous in her day. Nevertheless, the story of her being arrested for wearing it on Revere Beach is untrue. I know – I’ve searched the records for it. Never happened. If it did, the newspapers wouldn’t have been able to shut up about it.

But she wasn’t above capitalizing on how risque it was. Diving exhibitions often had her surrounded by mirrors, so spectators could get a good, complete view. She had duplicate swimsuits made and marketed them to the public.

She branched out into acting (she appeared in half a dozen silent films) and denonstrating something called “diabolo tennis”, where opponents tossed a diabolotop back and forth. She appeared in what was probably the first nude film swim (lost now, although we have stills).

She lived into the 1970s, swimming almost every day. She was a strong proponent of health foods, and opened a store in Los Angeles. Having lived into the age of the Bikini, she said that most women didn’t have the body for it.

What’s a diablotop?

Diabolo tennis:

I’ve seen pictures of that, but had no idea what it was called, or that it was related to devil sticks.

Someone has expressed interest in an article on this topic, so I’ve been doing further research. I’ve found some interesting stuff.

1.) I think I know which group Moe Howard and Ted Healy were diving with. At any rate, I’ve got a good candidate.
2.) Moe Howard wasn’t the only one who got it wrong about who fell off the diving platform and broke their neck. There was a rumor at the time that it was a member of Kellerman’s troupe – even though she didn’t have a troupe at the time. There was also a rumor that it was a famous diving performer, who had to quash the rumors herself. Moe should get credit for correctly naming Gladys Kelly as the victim, even after sixty years.

3.) It turns out that Moe wasn’t really that far off in saying that it was someone i Kellerman’s group who was killed.

I don’t want to set it all down here. The magazine that’s interested will get first chance to publish the facts.