Need help understanding a notice regarding a probated will (Virginia). Need answer fast-ish

My wife’s father died last year, and relations between her and his second wife are not good. So in all that follows, please assume, as we are, that the stepmother is doing all that she can to screw my wife.

Her father lived in Virginia.

We have just received a “Notice Regarding Estate” from her, and are trying to understand what it says so we can respond appropriately. The form in question is CC-1616.

It starts out:

The notice is mailed or delivered to you as required by law because the person who signed this notice has identified you as a spouse, heir at law or beneficiary under a will of the deceased person named above. This notice is to tell you that, in the circuit court clerk’s office, listed above, either a personal representative has qualified or a proponent has probated the deceased person’s will.

THIS NOTICE DOES NOT MEAN THAT YOU WILL RECEIVE ANY MONEY OR PROPERTY.

The name, address and telephone number of a personal representative or a proponent of the will is: [Name of stepmother]

What is the difference between a “personal representative has qualified” and “a proponent has probated”? It is the difference between the probate process just starting vs. being completed? Her father died more than six months ago. Would six months be enough time to probate the will, or is it more likely the process has just started? The form doesn’t say what the current status of the probate is.

Then there is this section. (I have numbered each sentence in bolded brackets to help identify them.)

NOTICE: [1] If personal representatives qualified on this estate, they are required by law to file an inventory with the commissioner of accounts within four months after they qualify in the clerk’s office, to file an account within sixteen months of their qualification, and to file additional accounts within sixteen months from the date of their last account period until the estate is settled. [2] If you make written request therefor to the personal representatives, they must mail copies of these documents (not including any supporting vouchers, but including a copy of the decedent’s will) to you at the same time the inventory or account is filed with the commissioner of accounts unless (i) you would take only as an heir at law in a case where all of the decedent’s probate estate is disposed of by will, or (ii) your gift has been satisfied in full before the time of such filing. [3] Your written request may be made at any time; it may relate to one specific filing or to all filings to be made by the personal representative, but it will not be effective for filings made prior to its receipt by a personal representative. [4] A copy of your request may be sent to the commissioner of accounts with whom the filings will be made. After the commissioner of accounts has completed work on an account filed by a personal representative, the commissioner files it and a report thereon in the clerk’s office of the court wherein the personal representative qualified. [5] If you make written request therefor to the commissioner before this filing, the commissioner must mail a copy
of this report and any attachments (excluding the account) to you on or before the date that they are filed in the clerk’s office.

I’m trying to figure out what this paragraph says we can do, and what the stepmother and/or commissioner have to do if we make requests of them.

The first sentence states what the stepmother has to do after qualifying as personal representative. We don’t know when she qualified. Is that a fairly quick (i.e., less than two months) process after a death? Is she likely to have already filed the inventory that is required within four months of qualifying?

The second sentence says that she has to provide us copies of the various documents, including the will, but not if “(i) you would take only as an heir at law in a case where all of the decedent’s probate estate is disposed of by will, or (ii) your gift has been satisfied in full before the time of such filing.” My wife has received nothing under the will so far, so the second condition doesn’t seem to apply, but what does that first clause mean?

The third sentence apparently says that stepmother doesn’t have to send us filings made before she gets our request. So if she has done all the filings already, she doesn’t have to send us anything?

The fourth sentence says we can ask the commissioner for documents, and the fifth says if we make the request before his report is finished, he must send them to us “on or before the date that they are filed in the clerk’s office.” It is not clear whether he has to send us all the same documents that we could have requested of the stepmother under sentence 2, or some subset, or just his report. It also doesn’t say what happens if we make the request after he has filed with the clerk. Do we still get them?

Based on our assumption that the stepmother is doing everything in her power to screw with my wife, it seems likely that she has already filed at least some of the required documents, thereby apparently eliminating her responsibility to send the copies to my wife herself. If that is the case, will we still be able to get all the filings from the commissioner?

We’ve never had to deal with probate issues before, and are suspicious of all of the stepmother’s actions. So we want to do whatever we can to counter any possible bad faith actions she is taking.

So what is our best course here? Send a request to the stepmother? The commissioner? Both? Any other suggestions or ideas?

Really seems like a good opportunity to talk to a lawyer….

We’d prefer to avoid that expense, if possible.

I think that is a mistake. You could get a lawyer in that jurisdiction to cheaply interpret the notice for you and run down to the courthouse to get a copy of the will. My sister and I did that under similar circumstances and the attorney got all of the information she needed, told us our options and asked what we wanted to do from there.

It could be the best money you ever spent, and I’m not a big fan of lawyers. Shop around and find one who is competent and reasonable.

As best as I can tell, “proponent” is used to refer to the person who submitted a will for probate ,which I think is usually the executor. “Personal representative” is most likely a person appointed to administer the estate when there is no will.

An “heir-at-law” is someone who inherits when there is no will. If your wife would only inherit as an heir-at-law (meaning she is not a beneficiary of the will) and there is a will which disposes of all the property, she is not entitled to a copy of a will that exists but does not leave her anything.

I will agree with everyone else and tell you contact a lawyer. I can understand why you want to avoid the expense - and it might be fine under some circumstances. But the circumstances under which it would be fine do not include “Based on our assumption that the stepmother is doing everything in her power to screw with my wife”

If wife’s Mom had enough money that it’ll matter to your wife & you, then it’s worth spending what’s effectively some of that money to ensure you get it.

This is all just business; try to keep the family emotional flail out of it.

My late wife was an estate attorney (though not in VA), and I’ve recently probated a couple of wills, plus a few more before that. Based on those non-expert bona fides

In many states, the term “personal representative” has replaced “executor” as meaning “the person approved by the court to manage the wrap-up of the estate”. As such, in the absence of expert local advice to the contrary, don’t read too much into that choice of terminology. It’s not some sort of second-class executor or something.

Generally “qualifying” is simple: The person named in the will as executor personal representative (or if no will, the spouse or other next of kin in a particular priority sequence per state law) sends the will or marriage certificate or other relationship documentation to the court along with a death certificate and they issue an order saying “Yes, Jane Doe is the personal representative of the Estate of John Smith”. In my state that takes about a week after you file the papers, and they’re the very first papers you file to start the estate process once you have the death certificate in hand.

So in my recent cases in FL I had the court order in hand about 2 weeks after the date of death. Then again, I have that attorney on speed dial and he returns my calls promptly; folks new to the game could easily have wasted a month getting the process going. Even more so if they wanted to do something illicit first. Although that trick seldom works (against determined opposition), it’s often tried.

Thanks for all the responses. Not that it really matters to the questions I’m asking in the OP, it’s highly unlikely that there is anything in the will for my wife (or her brother). The stepmother’s jealousy and hostility toward them has existed for a long time, and toward the end of his life, her father was not entirely sound in his mind. So if his children from his first wife were ever mentioned in a will, the second wife has almost certainly gotten him to sign a newer one that cuts them out entirely (in favor of her and her children). Which is why the idea of paying a lawyer to find out they’re getting nothing is not appealing.

However, we do know a lawyer in that jurisdiction, so we’ll probably get in touch with her.

Thanks again.

Forgot to ask about this point. Since, as I mentioned above, this is very likely the case, does that mean that even the commissioner does not have to give us a copy, or only that the stepmother doesn’t?

That is exactly what the situation was with my dad. His ex-third wife went to him on his deathbed and got him to sign a new will leaving her sole heir. Our attorney was able to get it thrown out although ex #3 still got his great government pension because he was too lazy to change beneficiaries after the divorce. She said we can’t really fight that,

It’s easy to blame other parties, but if you feel slighted by the lack of inheritance, the blame should solely rest on the decedent (dear old Dad, in this case).

Do you know if there is a will or not? If not, then the state’s intestate succession rules apply for the distribution of the estate. It looks like Virginia has these rules:

If there is a will, then the intestate rules don’t apply. Whatever is in the will is what matters. Depending on the state, if there is a will, it may be recorded with the public document clerk in the county where he lived. Do a search like “county clerk Virginia county_name” and see if you can find the website for the county clerk. You may be able to search by name and find all the docs associated with your father. But it sounds like you can request a copy of the will from his wife if it’s not already filed.

Based on the form you’ve received, there is a case open in the court named on line 4, titled “Estate of [Person named on line 2]”, with the estate number shown on line 1. All documents filed in that case, including the will, should be public records. Start by calling the clerk’s office for that court – there is probably a main number with options to lead you to an office for administration of wills. They should be able to tell you what has been filed and how to obtain copies.

Disclaimer: I am not your lawyer. I do not represent you. No attorney-client relationship exists. This is just anonymous chat.

Thanks. That’s exactly what I did a couple of weeks ago, and they’re mailing us a copy of the will. We have a lawyer in Virginia who can help us if we have any issues with it.

Thanks to everyone else who replied.