Just to help distinguish left from right in a more specific manner than Orwell did, I’ve listed a number of traits where, in my observation, “left” has been consistently on one side, and “right” consistently on the other. I’m trying to restrict my list to traits whose span is global rather than national, and reaches across several decades at a minimum.
My only caveat is that in totalitarian leftist states (USSR, PRC, NK, Cuba, etc.), some of this goes out the window: the leftist bias towards free speech and protest gets crunched, as does (for less clear reasons) the leftist tendency towards freer sexual expression, and militarism is part of the package. There’s not just a difference of scale, but rather a discontinuity, between Swedish socialism and Soviet or Cuban communism. But aside from left totalitarianism, the list below seems to be widely valid.
OTOH, there seems to be no such discontinuity between the right in a democracy and rightist totalitarianism, AFAICT, but merely a difference of degree. Make of that what you will.
Economic Inequality: the left wants systems in place to limit economic inequality. The right opposes such constraints.
Discrimination: the left has been on the side of using the law to widen the inclusiveness of society, and to outlaw discrimination on the basis of an increasingly wide array of criteria: race, religion, sex, physical handicap, sexual orientation, etc.
God and country: the left is more for keeping the two unentangled, and the right is more for combining the two.
Speech and Protest: the left is more strongly for free speech and the right to protest; the right is more willing to tolerate or initiate impositions on those rights.
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Militarism: **the left is less interested in maintaining a military for purposes beyond defense of the nation; the right is more interested in a military capable of foreign intervention and conquest.
Sex: the left is for freer sexual expression; the right is more for keeping restrictions on it.
Business: the left is more for regulating business to protect consumers, workers, and society in general; the right is more anti-regulatory.
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Labor issues:** the left is more pro-worker; the right is more pro-employer.
Crime and Punishment: the left tends to be more concerned with protecting the rights of the potentially innocent, and opposing the more extreme forms of punishment; the right is more of the lock-'em-up school.