You will have to take what I have to say about this with a grain of salt, since I only know about the laws and penalties in one state: Illinois. I have some information about that because I dealt with sexual assault/rape/domestic violence crime victims as a volunteer for many years.
In THAT state, there are different “degrees” of rape, which ended up making me FURIOUS. First of all, it’s true…only penetration is considered literally rape. But non-consensual touching falls under “sexual assault” of various types. There is also the category “attempted rape.” This creates a problem over deciding whether a particular dirtbag deserves an assault charge or an attempted rape charge. If he finds himself impotent at the last minute, is he still worthy of the higher sentence deserved by attempted rapists, or was it “just” sexual assault?
Now, back to the different types of rape. Illinois has a higher penalty for people convincted of rape when the victim was not otherwise physically harmed. For example, commit a rape and hit the victim in the face a few times, get a higher sentence than if you DON’T hit him/her. Use a weapon to threaten him/her? Higher still.
I understand some of the point behind this. I mean, you can’t just lump ALL unwanted sexual contact into one category. An unwanted pinch on the ass is not the same as unwanted sex.
However, just for the sake of illustration, let’s say you’re being attacked. You assess your situation and determine that the best course of action for you to take is to go along with your attacker, do what he/she says, and therefore, save yourself a couple of black eyes. This is a fine decision to make. Perhaps, it keeps him from pointing the weapon he brought in your face.
However, when you get to COURT you can now be raped again. Your decision to act in your own best interest and not provoke your attacker further can be used to lower his sentence or make him look like less of a criminal. Similarly, if you were successful in fighting him off you can be “penalized” by having his charge reduced from attempted rape to some sort of bogus assault crapola.
I have only dealt with a very few male victims. But I assure you, sexual assault upon a MAN is every bit as emotionally tortuous as it is upon a woman. And in my (admittedly limited) experience with these men, they end up getting completely raked over the coals in court. “How come you didn’t defend yourself, how come you didn’t want it, how come you were wearing a short skirt…” Okay, maybe not that last one. But you get the point. They’re forced to endure all sorts of pigeon-holing regarding how men are supposed to behave and what they’re supposed to want. This all ends up making the sentences for the crimes against them lesser…shorter sentences, fewer charges, and less likelihood that the next sex crimes victim will bother going through the court system. Double ALL of this if the victim was a gay man, assaulted by another man.
Since I’m very jaded on the issue, I believe it is likely that the laws in most states create this same situation. Again, I do understand why we can’t lump ALL sex crimes together under one heading. But at the very least, we should recognize that rape is not less of a crime under certain circumstances. Including the gender of the victim.
-L