[QUOTE=Latro]
OK, that was all wrong.
Went back to class and found out they can take commas if they join two independant clauses, when both clauses contain a subject.
–Miguel took piano lessons for sixteen years and today is an accomplished performer.
–Miguel took piano lessons for sixteen years**,** and today he is an accomplished performer.
But then everybody probably already knew that, but me.
[/QUOTE]
So why is there a comma in front of your “but” (not your “butt”
) in the last sentence of your post? The conjunction “but” does not join two independent clauses that each have their own subject in that sentence.
In fact, I note that if you recast the sentence to reposition “but me”, you would NEVER use a comma.
You would never write: “But then everybody, but me, probably already knew that.”
May I propose that the use of the comma cannot be determined by precise rules, because, unlike the apostrophe, it does indeed represent an element of spoken language, namely, a pause. Therefore, its usuage must to a large extent be determined by instinct and speaking style.
The apostrophe, on the other hand, only serves to define grammatical relationships and has nothing at all to do with spoken language.
As an example, look at what I wrote above: “. . . it does indeed represent an element of spoken language, namely, a pause.”
Any normal speaker would pause slightly at “namely”. You may even make a small gesture such as opening your hands, thumbs up, palms facing, or raising your eyebrows or both when you add that word in a spoken sentence. Or you may give a slight head nod.
Try it in front of a mirror, pretend you are saying this to an audience, and see what body language you use.
I challenge you to try speaking that bit of sentence without making any pauses, changes or gestures, however slight, when you get to “namely”.