Setting a stone in jewelry

What is the process for setting gemstones in various types of jewelry?

While I am interested in all types of jewelry settings, I am most mesmerized by the simple diamond engagement ring “prong” type and the “tension” floating-in-air type (usually/always? made of titanium). Jewelry that has tight rows of stones with no prongs is also a mystery to me.

You may want to also throw in the proper terms for these settings, because I obviously don’t know them.

I tried google, but I had no luck. You would not believe the noise to signal ratio when searching for jewelry information. :frowning:

Here is a very simple overview. No pics, though.

Here is a much more detailed page with photos of various settings.