SHC: Mary Reeser's Skull

http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a1_205b.html

I won’t get into the issue of whether SHC actually happens.

Cecil’s article describes “a shrunken skull the size of a baseball”. This widely quoted “fact” is probably untrue. Let me paraphrase from Spontaneous Human Combustion by Jenny Randles and Peter Hough (New York: Berkley Books, 1994).

The FBI’s laboratory report (31 July 1951) of 14 specimens listed for examination mentions no skull at all, let alone a shrunken one. It does list “particles of bone found in ashes”.

The “shrunken skull” was first mentioned in the St Petersburg Times on 9 August 1951, where author Jerry Blizen referred to “a skull, shrunken to the size of a cup”, without giving a source for this description.

Forensic anthropologist David Wolf theorised that Mary’s skull probably burst in the heat. The “roundish object”, he thought, could have been “a globular lump that can result from the musculature of the neck where it attaches to the base of the skull” (direct quote from Randles & Hough, not Wolf). Dr Richard Reeser, Mary Reeser’s son, noted that Mary’s skull plate (presumably of normal size) had been recovered from the ashes. (Imagine talking about the “skull plate” of your own mother.)

The Skeptical Inquirer article I saw discussed the “shrunken skull”, and deduced the same thing. It wasn’t a shrunken skull, but merely resembled a shrunken skull.

As for SHC, I have seen a followup article in SI (and subsequently a program on, I believe, The Learning Channel) where some scientists (I forget who) actually performed an experiment demonstrating the method of SHC. They took a pig carcass (because pig flesh is very similar to human flesh) and wrapped it in cloth and placed it in a test chamber fixed up like a typical bedroom. The carcass was lying on some carpet, and had furniture, newspapers, a TV, etc all around similar to common descriptions of SHC scenes. They then ignited the cloth on the pig, and watched. Over the course of 8 hours, the pig slowly burned away via the so-called candle effect or wick effect. What happens is the clothing burns quickly, and creates enough heat to start the body burning. The flesh then melts the body fat, which pools into the surrounding material - carpet in this case, I believe, but typically an overstuffed chair, or a mattress, or just the clothing. This liquid body fat burns - not a 2000 deg F that crematoriums use (and only for 2 hours), but at about 800 deg F. This lower temperature prevents the fire from spreading, and the fire stays contained to the soaked fat. It thoroughly burned the bulk of the pig carcass, including some of the bones. The experiment was stopped before completely burning out because of time limitations, but it is clear the effect of the burn was the candle effect, and that it was consuming the entire carcass bones and all, and that it was not spreading to the furniture or newspaper or other flammable materials just inches away.

As for why a limb will often be left behind, the limbs have a lower fat content than the torso, and if protruding away from the torso can extinquish before the fire spreads. When the fat runs out, the fire burns itself out on the nearby consumables - the clothing or bedding, but is too low to spread.

During the experiment, they monitored the flame height and temperature. It was a stable fire that would not spread. That is why SHC cases are so different than typical fire experiences. Normally when you have a large fire in, say, a house or other building, it is big and quickly noticed and put out. Even when it isn’t stopped and burns itself out, the effect of the higher temperatures from the surrounding fire prevents the wick effect from establishing, so the fire burns out much faster than the 6 or 8 or 10 hours needed to fully consume the body. That’s why crematorium fires don’t completely consume the bones - they don’t run long enough. The trick is that SHC cases involve small fires that don’t spread so they are not noticed, and thus allowed to burn for hours on end.

See, nothing mystical. Bizarre, gruesome, fascinating, but not mystical.

Thanks DaveoRad and Irishman for some interesting information.

The main misnomer in the term for “Spontaneous Human Combustion” seems to be the “spontaneous” part. As Cecil noted in reference to the Skeptical Inquirer article, and as is readily apparent in the book DaveoRad mentions, in most cases there is evidence for some external source of ignition (cigarette, fire, etc.). The only real mystery is how a human body could burn so completely without affecting the surroundings, and the cited experiments pretty much establish how that happens.