That’s the way I’ve always understood the expression, but the punishment aspect of the stick seems to have become fairly widespread, and perhaps even the dominant perception.
Donkeys aren’t stupid. They can be trained, just as a dog can be trained. In fact, you can apply the same metaphor to training a dog to do a task. You can reward him when he sits, or beat him when he doesn’t.
Okay, not to derail this thread but let’s straighten out this “carrot and stick” business once and for all.
Here’s how the story goes:
Little girl is sitting in a wagon but can’t get the horse to move. So she ties a carrot to the end of a stick and dangles it out in front of the horse Horse wants to eat the carrot and moves forward. As long as the carrot is in front of him he keeps moving. Problem solved!
Yes, I had always imagined something like this image:
And apparently several others here had the same impression.
There’s no suggestion in that illustration (and the examples I had seen since childhood) that the stick will be used to punish the animal, merely the implication that the donkey is stupid enough to keep walking forward in a Sisyphean effort to reach a treat he will never attain. I thought that was the point of the metaphor.
Apparently, if @Railer13 (and Merriam Webster) are right, punishment has always been an element of the saying, and we’ve had the wrong end of the stick this whole time.
The earliest English-language references to the “carrot and stick” come from authors in the mid-1800s who in turn wrote in reference to a “caricature” or cartoon of the time that depicted a race between donkey riders, with the losing jockey using the strategy of beating his steed with “blackthorn twigs” to urge it forward, while the winner of the race sits in his saddle relaxing and holding the butt end of his baited stick.[1][2] In fact, in some oral traditions, turnips were used instead of carrots as the donkey’s temptation.
Yup. That is how I have always understood the phrase to mean. I think people just misheard it as “carrot OR stick” and thought it meant reward or punishment. It doesn’t. It means something where the reward is just always out of reach. Nothing whatsoever to do with punishment.
“The carrot and the stick” reminds me of “A rolling stone gathers no moss,” which has two completely opposite meanings. I find that Europeans understand it in one way, while Americans understand it in the other.
If you Google “Carrot and stick”, you will find far more references to reward/punishment than dangling a reward just out of reach. Although, as @commasense noted, there are references to both meanings, including in the Wiki article that was linked. Here’s the opening sentence from that article:
The phrase “carrot and stick” is a metaphor for the use of a combination of reward and punishment to induce a desired behavior.
On a back-to-the-topic note, I must admit that I did not know that ‘Brave New World’ was published in 1932. I thought it was after WWII. So, I obviously missed FJ yesterday.