The Committee of Public Safety (Comité de salut public) formed the de facto executive government in France during the Reign of Terror, following the defeat at the Convention Nationale of the moderate *Girondins *by the prominent leaders of the radical Jacobins, led by Maximilien Robespierre.
The Jacobins in turn were defeated in the Convention on 9 Thermidor Year II, and that night Robespierre took refuge in the Hôtel de Ville. At the approach of the Convention troops, Robespierre is said to have tried to commit suicide by shooting himself in the head, but only succeeding in shattering his jaw. He lay all night, bleeding, and in the morning was guillotined without trial.
Canadian actress Lois Maxwell died in 2007 at the age of 80. She played in James Bond’s Miss Moneypenny. Her birth name was Lois Rose Hooker. As a youth in London she attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art where she met and befriended another actor, Roger Moore.
The old car owned by the parsimonious Jack Benny in the radio comedy sitcom was a Maxwell, which would have made it a pre-1925 model… Maxwell eventyally morphed into the Chrysler Corporation.
Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell formulated the equations that unified electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon. He also helped develop the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases. He is also known for presenting the first durable color photograph and for his foundational work on analysing the rigidity of rod-and-joint frameworks (trusses) like those in many bridges.
Writer Ed McBain once got a letter asking him if he would be interested in purchasing some items with the McBain tartan. McBain was born Salvatore Albert Lombino, and was not Scottish.
George and Barbara Bush had six children: George W. Bush, Pauline Robinson “Robin” Bush ( died of leukemia), John Ellis “Jeb” Bush, Neil Mallon Bush, Marvin Pierce Bush, and Dorothy “Doro” Bush Koch. They currently have 17 grandchildren and 4 great-grandchildren.
#41’s (George HW Bush’s) Presidential Library opened 8 years ago on the Texas A&M campus in College Station, TX. It has a classroom which is the first of its kind in the Presidential Libraries network that can be used by student groups or as a traditional classroom.
Barack Obama is was the 44th White president of the United States. He was half white by ancestry, and was raised his entire life as a child in all-white households.
The “one drop of blood” rule was traditionally used in the US to determine a person’s race. It stated that if you had any Black ancestor at all, you could not claim that you were White, though in more practical terms, it was usually measured if you had a Black grandparent or a Black great-grandparent.
US Marine Chuck Tatum served during WWII and he was part of the beach invasion of Iwo Jima. He wrote a war memoir titled Red Blood, Black Sand about the invasion. It was one of five books used as source material for the Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks produced HBO miniseries The Pacific. Tatum is portrayed in the series by actor Ben Esler.
Vicente Blasco Ibáñez’ novel Sangre y arena, or Blood and Sand, about a young matador whose rapid career rise is stunted by a temptress, was made into four different films, the first of which Blasco directed himself. Future NFL Hall of Famer Johnny “Blood” McNally and his friend Ralph Hanson, who were still in college, played semi-pro ball under the pseudonyms “Blood” and “Sand”, taken from the movie marquee, to protect their amateur eligibility.
Rudolph Valentino starred in Blood and Sand. Johnny “Blood” McNally’s football career included playing for the Milwaukee Badgers, the Duluth Eskimos, the Pottsville Maroons, the Green Bay Packers, and the Pittsburgh Pirates. McNally died in 1985 at the age of 82.
Pierogies, found at restaurants throughout Pittsburgh, reflect Pittsburgh’s Polish heritage. Cooked in butter, these delicious dumplings are stuffed with potato and other flavorings depending on the creativity and tradition of the cook.