The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. The Yelamu group of the Ohlone people resided in a few small villages when an overland Spanish exploration party, led by Don Gaspar de Portolà, arrived on November 2, 1769, the first documented European visit to San Francisco Bay. Seven years later, on March 28, 1776, the Spanish established the Presidio of San Francisco, followed by a mission, Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores), established by the Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza.
The first windmills, glass windows and shipbuilding in what is now California was introduced by Russian settlers, within 50 miles of San Francisco, in the early 1840s. The Russians and the Spanish missions tacitly agreed not to encroach on each others settlements beyond an undefined boundary, with Fort Ross the southernmost point in Russian Californian.
Types of windows include the eyebrow window, fixed windows, single-hung and double-hung sash windows, horizontal sliding sash windows, casement windows, awning windows, hopper windows, tilt and slide windows (often door-sized), tilt and turn windows, transom windows, sidelight windows, jalousie or louvered windows, clerestory windows, skylights, roof windows, roof lanterns, bay windows, oriel windows, thermal, or Diocletian, windows, picture windows, emergency exit windows, stained glass windows, French windows, and double- and triple-paned windows.
An oriel window is a form of bay window which projects from the main wall of a building but does not reach to the ground. It is most commonly found projecting from an upper floor but is also sometimes used on the ground floor. The word “oriel” is derived from Anglo-Norman oriell and post-classical Latin oriolum, both meaning “gallery” or “porch”.
In a bay window caboose, the crew monitoring the train sits in the middle of the car in a section of wall that projects from the side of the caboose. The windows set into these extended walls resemble architectural bay windows, affording a better view of the side of the train and eliminated the falling hazard of the cupola.
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In architecture, a cupola /ˈkjuːpələ/ is a small, most often dome-like, structure on top of a building. Often used to provide a lookout or to admit light and air, it usually crowns a larger roof or dome. The word derives, via Italian, from the lower Latin cupula (classical Latin cupella from the Greek κύπελλον kupellon) “small cup” (Latin cupa) indicating a vault resembling an upside down cup.
While a cupola is mainly an ornamental structure, often to admit light or provide a lookout, a dome is a larger and common structural element of architecture and often bears extra weight for walkways or windows or statues on top. A rotunda is any building having a circular floor plan and is often capped with a dome. A rotunda can also be a round room within a building.
The Capped Bust design was introduced by Chief Engraver of the U-S Mint, William Kneass. It lasted from 1807 to 1839 on the Heads side of various US coins. The term “capped bust” refers to the bust of Liberty shown wearing a floppy cap.
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In play:
The Statue of Liberty is shown destroyed or badly damaged in Planet of the Apes, Cloverfield and Escape from New York.
Thank you, sir.
There are seven rays on her (Lady Liberty) crown, one for each of the seven continents. Lady Liberty wears a size 879 shoe. She has a 35-foot waistline.
I will not share her other measurements, nor her age or her weight, but believe me, they are impressive. 
Early US coins of the Liberty design were not based on the Statue of Liberty. The Liberty Cap large cent was first struck by the United States Mint in 1793. The coin features an image of the goddess of Liberty and her accompanying Phrygian cap. The Statue of Liberty was not conceived nor designed until about 70 years later, featuring the same Roman goddess’ likeness.
The rebellious colonists in The Moon is a Harsh Mistress used the Phrygian cap as a symbol of their opposition to the colonial prison masters.
The Phrygian cap became widely known as a symbol of liberty during the French Revolution, with tricoteuses, female knitters, making them as they watched executions by guillotine. Currently, they are worn by the Smurfs (created in Belgium and known there as Les Schtroumpfs in French). Papa Smurf wears a red cap (the traditional color) while the others wear white.
The kingdom of Phrygia, a region of Asia Minor, existed approximately from 1200 to 70 BCE. It was in what is now west-central Turkey and was near to Bithynia, Mysia, Lydia, Pisidia, Pamphylia, Lycaonia, Cappadocia, Galatia, and Paphlagonia.
According to Sideshow Bob no civilization in history has ever considered chief Hydrological Engineer a calling except for the Cappadocians.
In America, a sideshow is an extra, secondary production associated with a circus, carnival, fair, or other such attraction. Interest in sideshows declined as television made it easy (and free) to see the world’s most exotic attractions. Moreover, viewing “human oddities” became distasteful as the public conscience changed, and many localities passed laws forbidding the exhibition of freaks.
The first circus in the city of Rome was the Circus Maximus, in the valley between the Palatine and Aventine hills. It was constructed during the monarchy and, at first, built completely from wood. After being rebuilt several times, the final version of the Circus Maximus could seat 250,000 people; it was built of stone and measured 400m in length and 90m in width. Next in importance were the Circus Flaminius and the Circus Neronis, from the notoriety which it obtained through the Circensian pleasures of Nero. A fourth circus was constructed by Maxentius; its ruins have helped archaeologists reconstruct the Roman circus.
The Latin phrase panem et circenses literally means “bread and circuses”; it appears in Satire X of the Roman poet Juvenal (circa A.D. 100). In the context of Juvenal’s poem, the Latin panem et circenses identifies the only remaining concerns of a Roman populace which no longer cares for its historical birthright of political involvement and instead has let itself be distracted by food and cheap entertainment…
Bread and Circuses is the title of STAR TREK: TOS’s 25th episode of the second season.