When reading Cecil’s column on ways to reach first base (in the baseball sense) I happened to remember an entry in ESPN The Magazine in their “Answer Guy” feature, where when trying to determine whether it was possible to steal first base, they quoted Eric Enders, a researcher at the Baseball Hall of fame, who rattled off the 23 legal ways to reach first. There’s quite a bit of overlap in the methods, such as a walk versus an intentional walk, but it certainly seems exhaustive:
- Single
- Walk
- Intentional walk
- Hit by pitch
- Dropped third strike
- Failure to deliver pitch within 20 seconds
- Catcher interference
- Fielder interference
- Spectator interference
- Fan obstruction
- Fair ball hits umpire
- Fair ball hits runner
- Fielder obstructs runner
- Pinch-runner
- Fielder’s choice
- Force out at another base
- Preceding runner put-out allows batter to reach first
- Sac bunt fails to advance runner
- Sac fly dropped
- Runner called out on appeal
- Error
- Four illegal pitches
And, my favorite
- A game is suspended with a runner on first who is then traded prior to the makeup, and is replaced with another player
As for stealing first, the column goes on to quote John Thorn from Total Baseball who says that Germany Shaefer and Fred Tenney both stole first base from second in 1907 and 1900 respectively, in an effort to provoke a throw so the runner on third could score, but such a practice has been made illegal.