What are the different types of therapy?

[xanthous]

I was reading What’s wrong with psychiatry? and came across the following:

@Algher

The efficacy of therapy is greatly dependent on both the patient, the therapist, and the type of therapy used. Some folks have to search until they find a good one - which often means one that fits both their problem AND their personality.

Instead of hijacking, I’ll ask the question here:

So what ARE the different types of therapy? It’s weird, I’ve had a therapist for years, but when I first looked for one, my health insurance just gave me a list of names, not a list of therapies. I would probably call the kind of therapy I get “talk therapy,” which I would guess is common. Do therapists use different kinds of therapy with different patients, depending on their issues? Does one ever have the option to find a therapist based on a type of therapy they’d like to try? Does one even have a choice in the matter?

Basically, I’ve always heard of different types/schools of therapy, but I’m not sure I was ever offered a choice.

Can someone enlighten me?