Is “shiksa” (gentile woman) like a pejorative or a slang term? Or is it just a general term for non-Jewish women? What do you call a Jewish woman in Yiddish? What do you call just a woman in Yiddish, if you can’t determine her Jew/Non-Jew status and/or it’s not relevant? Are there slang terms and non-slang terms?
Finally, is the (English) word “Jewess” considered rude, archaic, or a word like that, these days?
A yenta.
Am I being whooshed here, or is this the truth? I always thought “yenta” meant something not unlike “old lady who likes to gossip” or “woman who likes to meddle” or something related.
Boobie, I’m yanking your shmeckle. 
Oy vey!
I’ve never heard any other word than shiksa for a gentile woman. But that may be because all the Yiddish I’ve heard is casual conversation, often throwaway terms, that might not be accepted in a formal talk. (Something I’ve never heard and wouldn’t understand: my Yiddish is as bad as my German and my Spanish.)
Jewess is definitely taboo.
Shiksa literally means “abomination”, so that’s pretty pejorative. The implication isn’t just generic gentile woman, but licentious sexual temptress. As the most widely known Yiddish term, though, it’s often used more generally and not necessarily pejoratively by people who know some words but aren’t fluent.
The Hebrew word for generic woman would be "isha’, and I think, but am not sure, that it’s the same in Yiddish. For the people who actually speak Yiddish as their everyday language, though, there are very few situations in which someone’s status as a Jew or not would be irrelevant.
I have literally never heard anyone in real life use the term Jewess and wouldn’t know what to think if I did.
In the words of Howard Wolowitz: “A shiksa goddess isn’t literally a goddess. We don’t pray TO them, we prey ON them.”
No joke answers please until the question has been answered.
Shiksa is not a very nice term, nor is Jewess. My father, whose first language was Yiddish, used Weib for a woman, but it was always used derisively, as “Weiber, what can you expect?”
Agreed. But it’s not about the women, specifically. Shiksa is simply the feminine form of shaygetz, meaning a non-Jewish man. (The k and g sounds are often interchangeable in Yiddish, and the tz at the end of shaygetz gets smoothened into a plain s for shiksa.)
Weib is just German for woman isn’t it? And Yiddish too probably.
Anyway, my older brother got really offended that our relatives might be calling my wife a shiksa. My wife loved the idea though. The derogatory nature of the word has disappeared as it’s been absorbed into English and generally used humorously.
Yes, Weib is pure German, but my father spoke Yiddish.
My DIL served us some Jewish type food and added, “Not bad for a shiksa”, so you may be right. But I would never call her that.
My shiksa wife makes a better matzo ball soup and rugelach than my mother (or grandmother) ever did. But I would never tell them that.
Yes, “Weib” is German for woman, but it’s a dated term that just like in Yiddish, as Hari_Seldon states, nowadays almost always has negative connotations. The neutral term is “Frau”.
ETA: “Schickse” and “Ische” are both colloquial German terms for “woman” derived from Hebrew/Yiddish, which both mostly also have negative touches (both can mean floozy or easy woman, for example).
OK, I looked it up, and it appears the most common Yiddish word for “woman” is “froy”, related to the German Frau, and likewise usable as either “woman in general” or “wife”.
The most literal term for “Jewish woman” would be “yidene”, although in practice that specifically means an elderly woman you dislike. The masculine “yid”, OTOH, still means “generic Jewish man”.
Wiktionary has a relevant usage note under ייִד (a noun meaning “Jew”)
In Hebrew, that word straight-up means an impure, detestable, unclean thing. I do not know any Yiddish, but it seems like a lot of rationalization would be necessary in order to argue that it is a neutral term to refer to a person.
ETA incidentally, the Hebrew word has not a k or g but a “q” as in “Gaddafi” 
Not many shiksas know any Hebrew, but here is the English definition:
< goes to check Merriam-Webster for words used by secular Jews to describe the Hare-dim. >