Italy leads the world in pasta consumption, at 23.5 kg per person. Cite.
Apparently by some people’s definitions, Saronno is the south… mind you, the one thing that was different between pasta in Italy and pasta in Spain was the ginormous amounts of cheese my coworkers would add. My family usually accuses me of putting too much cheese on my portion, the Italians always asked “areyou only going to have that little cheese? 
”.
For me the US = barbecue. And if you get a couple of Southerners from different denominations, national origins, genders, families or family branches, you can trigger a multi-day discussion by asking for their sauce recipes… reminds me of how to tell someone from Valencia from someone from Castellón: just ask if a proper paella has green peas, people from Castellón put green peas in everything.
Based on my travels:
Belgium: mussels, pepper steak and fries
France: croissants and baguettes
Southern France: bouilliabase
Germany: wurst and beer
Czech Republic: beer
Poland: bigos, pirogi and Polish sausage
Austria: wiener schnitzel (hey, it’s right in the name)
Italy: Sunday gravy with meatballs
Greece: baklava and spanikopita
Spain: paella
England: fish and chips
Holland: stroopwafel
Uganda: Indian food of any kind
Switzerland: fondue
Vietnam: pho
Portugal: any dish made from bacalhau (salted cod). I don’t like it, but it’s the national food; also, pasteis de Belem and rissois de camarao, which I DO like
Tripolar: paella is not native to Portugal, AFAIK
Ooh, another one nobody’s mentioned: Nepal has daal bhat.
Sorry. The other posts were making me hungry; guess I got distracted. 
No idea if it’s native to Portugal, but they have their own style of making it and it’s a very popular dish with Portuguese people around here. If I had included Spain I’d have to go with paella for them also. It was the one that came to mind immediately as I thought of countries, and I don’t know of a stereotypical food associated with Portugal otherwise.
It’s native to the Valencia region of Spain. I remember one restaurant in Lisbon that made it when we lived there. It would seem to be a natural for them, though, as it’s a seafaring nation. And perhaps it’s more common in areas bordering Spain. As I mentioned above, the typical food for Portugal are dishes made with salted cod. Sadly, the Portuguese are poor cooks (IMO), but terrific wine and cheese makers. It was bad enough food that in two years we took two food vacations to countries with decent cuisine: Spain and Italy.
Algeria (and much of North Africa) - cous-cous with a delicious stew of beef, artichoke, etc.
Normandy - raie au beurre noir (don’t forget the capers)
Northeastern Thailand - somtam (spicy papaya salad). Serve it with sticky rice, a minty herb and a little meat for a cheap but exquisite meal
Bulgaria: kavarma
Kenya: ugali
Bahamas: grouper
Iceland: hákarl, the cured rotten Greenland shark commonly considered the worst-tasting food on earth
Canada: double-double and a maple glazed
Conch Republic: wahoo
Breaking down the “middle east” to individual countries…
Lebanon: hummus
Egypt: falafel
Jordan: shawarma
Syria: kibbeh
There is no rhyme or reason to which food is assigned to which country, I just happen to love Levantine cuisine and think it got shortchanged.
United States: McDonald’s
Belgium: Waffles
Brazil: Meat on a sword
Canada: Maple syrup or poutine
China: Bizarre foods that I don’t understand but enjoyed looking at in NYC Chinatown
Cuba: Whole roasted pig from a China box
England: a wall of #10 cans with turquoise colored Heinz Beans labels, or that fat grilled tomato slice that comes in an English breakfast
France: cheese, pastries
Germany: beer, brats, sauerkraut
Greece: greek yogurt, honey, dates, falafel
India: very fragrant sauces that don’t agree with me
Ireland: fish and chips
Italy: spaghetti neri
Jamaica: jerk chicken
Japan: tiny crabs you eat live, or of flavors of KitKat from a Japanese 7-11
Korea: Korean bbq
Mexico: spicy carnitas with beans and rice with a sunny side up egg on top and a stack of fresh corn tortillas on the side with a steady supply of margaritas
Poland: sausage and cabbage
Russia: don’t be ridiculous! I’m a high ranking KGB operative - I have my beets delivered!
Scandanavia: Greenland shark
Scotland: warm chocolate chip cookies and scotch
Thai: little red super hot peppers
ETA - I copied and pasted the list from TriPolar and added my own foods.
I grew up in Japan and never had live crabs, or even recall seeing it on a menu anywhere in Japan. Is this some regional specialty?
Argentina - Carne asado with chimichurri
Colombia - Bandeja Paisa
Cuba - Ropa Vieja
Peru - Cuy
Venezuela - Arepas
USA: hamburgers
China: dim sum and fried rice
Vietnam: pho
Italy: spaghetti bolognaise and pizza.
Greece: spanokopita and taramasalata and pita bread
Turkey: beetroot dip and baba ganoush.
England: the big breakfast and chicken tikka.
Bali: nasi goreng and babi guling.
Austria: weiner schnitzel
Scotland: haggis
Ireland: anything with potatoes as the main ingredient. 
Faroe Islands: anything with lamb.
New Zealand: a hangi
Malaysia: curried whatever
India: roti bread
Thailand: chicken green curry
Mexico: chili con carne and tacos
Canada: chips with cheese sauce.
Spain: paella
Mongolia: yak meat cooked in yak milk.
And finally, Australia. Australia’s national dish is the humble meat pie, a concoction of meat in gravy encased in pastry. The quality of the meat pie varies dramatically from vendor to vendor, and is only made edible (mostly) by liberal applications of tomato sauce (ketchup).
But being a multicultural country, I am within driving distance of pretty much all of the above cuisines (no yak yet, waiting…). Oh, and although I can get a hamburger in five minutes, I don’t know whether it’d pass muster as an American burger.
I feel privileged.
South Africa: Bobotie
Other countries:
United States: Fried chicken
Belgium: Pommes frites with mayonnaise
Brazil: Feijoada
Canada: Poutine
China: Cha siu bao
Cuba: Cuban sandwich
England: Cornish pasty
France: Cassoulet
Germany: Eisbein
Greece: Spanakopita
India: Masala dosa
Ireland: Colcannon
Italy: Risotto
Japan: Onigiri
Korea: Kimchi
Mexico: Enchiladas
Poland: Pierogis
Russia: Borsch
Finland: Reindeer with lingonberry compote
Denmark: Pickled herring
Scotland: Haggis
Thai: Pad Thai
Vietnam: Pho
Spain: Paella
Portugal: Bacalhau
Netherlands: Stamppot
Switzerland: Raclette
Australia: Meat pie floater
Israel: Falafel
Morocco: Shakshuka
Algeria: Tagine
Tunisia: Couscous
Egypt: Ful
Lebanon: Baba ganoush
Turkey: Shish kebab
Saudi: Kabsa
Ethiopia: Wat
Kenya & Uganda : Ugali (actually, most of East & Southern Africa, just different names)
Rwanda: Plantain with peanut sauce
Ivory coast: Chicken maafe
Angola & Mozambique: Piri-piri chicken
Namibia: Braaied springbok
Botswana: Mopane worms
I saw it on a show about parasites called Monsters Inside Me. Not a strong cite, but I still think about it when I’m eating sushi.
UK: Roast beef
France: cheese
Ireland: beer
Japan: okonomoyaki
Korea: kimchi
Oz: shrimp
Turkey: kebab
Greece: kebab
Belgium: mussels
Argentina: steak
India: curry
Italy: pizza
Spain: paella
Canada: maple syrup
And momo, which are a little street food piece of heaven.
Thread relocated from IMHO to Cafe Society.
Or a war by asking the same question of a bunch of Texans.
Denmark: Smørrebrød.
Finland: Kalakukko.
Iceland: Svið.
Norway: Rømmegraut.
Sweden: Alas, Falukorv.