*1. The Royal Family
The Queen*
The Queen is Canada’s Head of State. The Queen’s full title is “Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Queen of Canada).”
Normally one refers to “Her Majesty The Queen” or to “The Queen”. In conversation, the Queen is addressed first as “Your Majesty”, subsequently as “Ma’am”.
The Duke of Edinburgh (Consort of The Queen)
Full title is “His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh”.
Normally one refers to “His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh” or to “The Duke of Edinburgh”. In conversation, start with “Your Royal Highness” and continue with “Sir”.
The Prince of Wales (Prince Charles) and The Duchess of Cornwall (Camilla)
Normal reference: “(His Royal Highness) The Prince of Wales”.
In conversation, begin with “Your Royal Highness”; continue with “Sir”.
The Prince of Wales has two children, His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales (born in 1982) and His Royal Highness Prince Henry (Harry) of Wales (born in 1984).
The spouse of The Prince of Wales is Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall. Conversation: “Your Royal Highness”, then “Ma’am”.
The Duke of York (Prince Andrew)
Normal reference: “(His Royal Highness) The Duke of York”.
In conversation, same as for The Prince of Wales.
The Duke of York has two children: Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice of York (born in 1988) and Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie Victoria of York (born in 1990).
The Princess Royal (Princess Anne)
Normal reference: “Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal”. Conversation: “Your Royal Highness”, then “Ma’am”.
The Earl and Countess of Wessex (Prince Edward and Sophie)
Normal reference: “His Royal Highness The Earl of Wessex”. Conversation: “Your Royal Highness”, then “Sir”. “Her Royal Highness The Countess of Wessex.” Conversation: “Your Royal Highness”, then “Ma’am”. The Earl and Countess have a daughter, Lady Louise (born in 2003).