The simple fanwank about the dragons not being harmed by the fleet is that dragons have very heavy chest plating that arrows can’t punch through. You could probably shoot through their wings, but a dragon’s wings are so large compared to an arrow that it just doesn’t do much.
On the ground, they are exposing vulnerable bits, can’t manoever, and are also exposed to heavier weapons. But in the air I think dragons are really only vulnerable to other dragons. Has there ever been a story told on the show about any dragon being taken down by ground forces?
Also, shock and awe. It’s one thing to hear about dragons maybe existing again, it’s another to see a huge lizard thing belching fire and toasting your friends. The show depicted the sailors as basically being frozen by fear and wonder. And of course, who wants to be the first one to shoot an arrow and get barbecued for the effort? Absent a coordinated battle plan, it’s not surprising that the dragons would be untouched.
The show does make production errors showing distance, though. In the case of the Dragons, maybe they were supposed to be out of arrow range, but the show’s production didn’t get it right, or thought close-in would be more spectacular. The same was true for Ramsay’s bow skills - The way the show portrayed it, Rickon was perhaps 500 yards from Ramsay when Ramsay killed him. He ran at full speed for a LONG time before Ramsay got him. And after he was killed, Jon was shown to be a very long distance from Ramsay still while he was next to Rickon’s body. That would be extreme range for any arrow, and hitting anything from that far away would involve a lot of luck. The slightest breeze would move an arrow far enough for a miss.
Anyway, aside from whatever quibbles about the battle and Sansa’s plans we may have, we’re now at a pretty satisfying place, plot-wise. A Stark is back in Winterfell. Daeneris is fully in control in Essos and has plenty of ships and soldiers. A battle is brewing between the Greyjoys. Arya is heading for Westeros. The Hound is alive and has work to do. All these plots that have been separated for years look like they are now being pulled together into a grand conflagration.
It will be very interesting to see how Daeneris handles her invasion of Westeros. For a while it looked like they might be turning her a little evil, but after the last episode I don’t think that flies. They portrayed a very sympathetic scene with her and the Greyjoys, including her admonishment that the pillaging days are over. She reversed course when Tyrion pointed out the immorality of burning her enemy’s cities. So it seems that the show is steadfastly going to portray her as being a good person trying to do right by the common folk.
And yet… How can she land a Dothraki horde in Westeros without killing a whole lot of innocent people? There’s no slavery there, so what will her reign as queen do for the average person? From the perspective of a peasant, she’s just another player in the Game of Thrones, bringing destruction to the land for her own personal will to power.
There is one way that could be resolved, though - she could be diverted from her goal of the Iron Throne by the threat of the White Walkers. Maybe Stannis’s realization that to be King he had to earn it and not just take it was a foreshadowing of Daeneris’s future. She’ll do just what Stannis did - realize that her path to the Iron Throne takes her to the wall, and that only by defeating the walkers will she truly earn the legitimacy needed to rule.
One interesting through about her deal with the Greyjoys to have them stop pillaging - what else are they supposed to do? The whole Iron Islands culture remains a mystery. They must have farmers and an economy big enough to allow for the construction of huge fleets of warships. They must have forests large enough to be able to harvest that much wood. And yet, the picture we’ve always been given of them is that of essentially vikings - people that live in regions of low productivity and few natural resources, who survive through pillaging and ransacking wealthy neighbors. But then again, the vikings also farmed and fished and did traditional economic activities. It’s just strange that we’ve never really seen any of it, other than perhaps during Theon’s first horse ride home.