Peter Gabriel had attempted to release his solo albums all with the same title: Peter Gabriel. He suggested it would be like a magazine. The first four were so named.
Other bands have had a theme to their album titles:
Asia: Most of their titles start with an “A”: Asia, Alpha, Astra, Aqua, Aura, Arena, (and a few live and compilation titles)
Chicago: nearly all their albums were numbered.
America: Eight of their albums started with the letter “H”: Hat Trick, Homecoming, Holiday, Hearts, Hideaway, Harbor, Hourglass, and Human Nature.
Queen: “A Night at the Opera” and “A Day at the Races” If you don’t recognize the theme, shame on you. Though they did not continue with it, alas.
Flash and the Pan had an interesting thematic join between their two albums. They titles were different (“Flash and the Pan” and “Lights in the Night”). And at first they seemed quite different: F&TP had a photograph of people on a beach, and LitN had a black cover. But if you looked closely at the LitN cover, you could spot the F&TP cover as though it was painted over and the bottom coat came through. This can’t be found on the CDs, though.
Not musical, but Gene Wolfe wrote a story called “The Island of Dr. Death and Other Stories.” When he lost a Nebula (Isaac Asimov’s most embarrasing moment*), someone suggested he write “The Death of Dr. Island.” He did, and won a Nebula. He later wrote, “The Doctor of Death Island” and “The Death of the Island Doctor.”
*Asimov announced Wolfe was the winner at the Nebula banquet. As Wolfe came up to accept the aware, someone whispered desperately in Asimov’s ear. He turned white. Then he announced that the winner was actually the “no award” option; Wolfe had the most votes, but “No award” had more.
Seems like Journey had about half a dozen albums with single word titles (“Infinity”, “Escape”, “Departure”, etc.) and that flying scarab on the cover.
Though they did not continue with it, alas.