So I followed a link to another page from Facebook, and now all of a sudden they want me to verify my identity. They want to send a code to my mobile device. Believe it or not, I don’t have a mobile phone. Otherwise I can “upload” a form of ID. I have no clue how to do this. I don’t have a scanner either.
Is there anything I can do, or am I done with Facebook? 
I have a toolbar on IE with the facebook icon on it. I got that box too, that asks you to put in a phone number. When I click on the facebook icon on the IE toolbar that box goes away.
Nope, I get the login page and then the Confirm Your Identity page.
How come this wasn’t an issue before?
Do see any really tiny text that says something like “Not at this time”? That’s how I get around it.
No, nothing. Even the Help page is no help – they don’t respond directly to any questions, just refer you back to the Help page.
That’s weird. I’ve always been able to get around it. I’d tell you exactly what I’m seeing, but I can’t bring up that screen on demand. It almost seems random.
You have a box that says “add your number to help secure your account”?
Below that box on the right in faint letters is says"not now". Click that.
Yeah, that’s what I was talking about.
Nope, no “not now” option.
It might be so faint that you can’t see it. Try mousing over the area a bit.
Nope, nothing – just the big blue Continue button.
Do they think everyone in the world has a mobile phone? I suppose it’s just me who doesn’t. Arggggh!
Hmm. When you have that box up you can still go up to the facebook header and click on your facebook name. It will bring you to your page.
No, I’m logged out now.
If I said I’d forgotten my password, they’d just think someone was trying to hack into my account, wouldn’t they?
Are you going to a non-Facebook page from within Facebook, and it’s asking you log in and give it more of your personal information? I’d advise against that.
No, the new page was fine (I was going to whitehouse.gov to sign a petition). And then when I went back to Facebook, I got this “We’ve received feedback that your account may not be real… Facebook does not allow accounts that pretend to be someone else…” I wasn’t pretending to be someone else! Why would you think that? Let me in already! 
I just finished resolving this issue. After you type in the messed up looking words, you have to identify people in random pictures to prove your identity. It sounded sketchy, but I logged into one of actual fake acounts (for a pet) and saw that my primary account was not showing up in searches and none of my old comments were displaying.
The fun part of identifying random pictures was how many people tag other people in random baby shots. All babies look the same, especially when somone tags their cousin that I know and I’m supposed to figure it out…
At least your friends tag actual humans, I had to do the same thing while trying to log in while on holiday, and the pictures I had to identify as friends included a heap of shoes, a museum sign, and a blur with no distinguishing features.
If you fail to identify the random junk, you can’t try again for something like 4 hours, I needed to send someone a message, and I’d had to pay for internet access… I was not pleased.
There are all sorts of reasons why FB might suspect fraud or identify theft. If you wish to resolve it you’ll have to go through their hoops, but make sure that you’re on a legit FB page before you give any information.