Posted by Achernar (discussing David Wingrove’s Chung Kuo novels):
Almost, but not quite. People of the Cities have practically no access to natural beauty. There are a few planted gardens, but there’s a long waiting list even to visit them and you have to rank pretty high to get on it. On the other hand, the people eat real food grown in old-fashioned, outdoor fields, worked by effectively enslaved “peasants.” (That’s one thing I found highly implausible about the series: That the few remnants of open land not covered by the Cities could produce enough food for their populations, numbering in the hundred of billions.) Society is not so regimented as to require uniforms, and the economy is pretty much free-enterprise.
If you want a true dystopia, you might want to try the world of S.M. Stirling’s Domination of the Draka series, which is a utopia for the elite and a dystopia for everyone else. If you’re not familiar with this, it’s an alternate-history scenario: During the Revolutionary War, the British seized control of the Dutch Cape Colony in Africa (much earlier than they gained the Cape in our timeline); after the war, American Loyalists and Hessian mercenaries were settled there (not in Canada, as in our timeline), swamping and assimilating the less numerous population of Dutch colonists. The new colony was named the Dominion of Drakesland, after Francis Drake. The settlers, faced with a vast and martial native black population, set about conquering and enslaving the blacks – and that gave their culture its lasting shape. Eventually the Draka, as they came to call themselves, conquered all of Africa and kept on conquering and enslaving everyone on their borders, regardless of color; they modeled their society on classical Greece and Rome in many ways; and they developed a might-makes-right ethic that glorified power and the domination of the weak. All these tendencies were reinforced at the end of the American Civil War, when the slaveowning aristocrats of the South relocated en masse to Draka Africa, taking some of their slaves with them. When the first volume – Marching Through Georgia – opens, the Domination has conquered all of Africa and the Middle East, and is readying an invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe.
The Domination is a slave society. Only descendants of the original settlers, plus some whites who were accepted as voluntary immigrants during the nineteenth century, are free citizens. They form a military aristocracy, comprising less than ten percent of the total population. Draka citizens are raised from the age of five in military boarding schools and live under a scientific diet-and-training regimen which enhances their bone density and their physical strength and speed. (Whether such a thing would be possible in real life, I don’t know.) The system is consciously modeled on the Spartan agoge, although among the Draka both males and females are so trained (in separate schools). In adulthood, Draka serve in the Citizen Force army. In short, they are lifelong soldiers, like the male citizen caste of ancient Sparta. But unlike the Spartans, when at home they live in sybaritic luxury.
Most of the population are slaves, called “serfs” from the early 19th century to evade the British Parliament’s ban on slavery. (Later the Dominion declared independence from the British Empire and renamed itself the Domination.) Serfs live narrow lives of work and more work – on plantations, in mines, in factories, in domestic service, and in the masters’ beds where the more attractive are routinely used as concubines. (Female Draka can amuse themselves with serfs too, but they are only allowed lesbian sex with the wenches, to keep the Race pure.) Serfs receive only so much education as is necessary for their intended functions. Otherwise, as valuable property the serfs are well cared for, with adequate food and clothing and modern medical treatment. Serfs are serfs for life and cannot be emancipated. In fact, ideologically the Draka are taught to view all foreigners as “feral serfs,” born to be serfs but not yet caught and tamed.
This is a “high-tech” society, with manufacturing, transportation and military technology equal to that of the Western nations, but there are few labor-saving devices – a Draka dishwasher is a serf. Farming is done with hand tools; tractors are noisy and smelly and would disturb the master. There are no serf uniforms as such – they dress however their masters choose to dress them – but a lot of them wear work overalls. And every serf has an identification number tattooed on the left side of his or her neck. If a male serf is lucky he might get drafted into the Janissary corps, an army of serf soldiers, who have slightly more privileges than ordinary serfs. The Janissary corps is never allowed to be more than twice as large as the Citizen Force – the Draka figure that’s the maximum number of serfs they can safely arm without inviting rebellion. The Draka live in constant fear of serf rebellions because they are so far outnumbered. There is a vast Security Directorate, mainly devoted to keeping the serfs down and spying out plots before they are executed. Any attempt by a serf to rebel, or strike a free citizen, or even defy an order, is punishable by death, usually by impalement on a stake, Vlad-Dracula-style.
The Domination’s government is an “aristocratic republic” – that is, only Draka citizens can vote or hold office. Otherwise it is fairly democratic, except that even a citizen can only get away with supporting a limited range of political views. Any citizen who agitated for the abolition of serfdom would get an unwelcome visit from Security. Christian belief among the citizen population has declined to almost nothing. Some are “Asatru,” worshipping the old Norse gods, but that never really caught on except as a fad. Most Draka are atheists, but with a quasi-religious devotion to the State and the Race. The standard daily greeting among citizens is “Service to the State!” Reply: “Glory to the Race!”
It’s scaaary! It’s scaaary!
However, by some of your criteria for a dystopia, the Domination fails. The Draka are environmentalists of a kind. They love nature, mainly because they love to hunt. (Their favorite form is “catsticking” – hunting lions with spears, from horseback.) Manufacturing zones are carefully separated from everything else so that nobody but the factory-serfs even has to look at them. Most serfs live on plantations, with as much contact with earth and sky as any serf of medieval Europe. As for the towns and cities – nobody would think of putting up vulgar advertising billboards! The Draka are self-conscious landed aristocrats with the esthetic values of landed aristocrats.
Dystopian enough for ya?