Based on this war, it seems to me the “lot of countries” not getting “real, effective weaponry for what they are paying” is a set of one – Russia.
For all the ballyhooed aid from the West, Ukraine has gotten little to no top-tier, cutting-edge war materiel. The majority of military aid provided to them has been weaponry and technology that’s 20 or 30 years old. They’re using this to fight an aggressor who has three times their population base and an exponentially higher military budget. An aggressor, it should be added, who agreed to help guarantee their sovereignty, and as of the night before the invasion was telling anyone who would listen they were definitely, no kidding, NOT going to invade.
The fact that Ukraine has taken this largely decades-old technology and weaponry and been able to keep the aggressor from taking over their country is a testament to their resolve and skill. But do not for a moment think that the results of the war thus far are an indictment of Western military might.
US (and NATO) war doctrine is based on a combined-arms approach. Ground, air, naval, and special forces units work together in a coordinated way to achieve goals, win battles, and shape the outcome of a war. The weapons and materiel they produce are designed with this cohesive approach in mind. For example, an F-35, with its stealth technology, its advanced avionics, and its integrated weapons system, is an awesome plane in its own right – but what makes it truly formidable is the way it links with other assets in the theatre to share real-time data. It works with other weapons and information platforms to become a significant force multiplier.
Ukraine hasn’t been given the capability to conduct full combined-arms warfare. They’ve gotten some individual pieces, but not the full package. It’s like they asked for help building a clock, and the West gave them some gears and a minute hand and said “You do the rest.” They don’t have all the pieces to create a combined whole.
Russia, on the other hand, DOES have everything it needs to conduct warfare on its own terms. They prepared and planned (in their own Russian) way for this invasion and war against a much smaller and less-well-equipped nation. The fact that their initial thrust was blunted and stymied, and that they’ve been reduced to indiscriminate shelling / rocketing / bombing of metropolitan areas, is a massive indictment of their strategy, logistics, training, and planning.