Is my brother being scummy or reasonable? Victimizer or Victim? (long)

Situation: my brother and his wife over-extended themselves in buying a house – with inflation pretty minimal no automatic cost of living type pay increases, and neither of them have gotten the promotions they thought were in the cards. Add to that the real estate market is stalling out in the area so reselling isn’t an option, and they’re hurting making the monthly payments.

So my brother got the idea of finishing off part of the basement as an efficiency apartment. He did all the work himself (and it’s probably all done exactly right, he worked construction for many years) but they didn’t apply for a building permit OR have any of the inspections done. Basically because they knew it wouldn’t be granted, due to zoning rules.

It’s a pretty nice little setup: basically one large room furnished as a bed/sitting room, with a kitchenette alcove and a 3/4 bathroom, and because the yard slopes one wall has HUGE windows and a door that walks out onto level into the backyard. Which is the ‘official’ second escape route, but because of landscaping and the slope and such, hiking around to use that as your entrance door is impractical.

Instead you go in through the main door, walk down the hall to the basement stairs, down the stairs, across the first section of the basement to reach the wall closing off the apartment area. In that first room there’s a washer/dryer that the tenant is welcome to use, plus a freezer/pantry setup that they aren’t, but mainly the room is my brother’s workshop.

My brother is into building furniture. He has a range of tools that Norm Abrams would probably covet, and genuinely uses them. For example, he made every case good, table, and wooden chair in his house. He made a gorgeous dining room set for me as our wedding present. He’s constantly making other furniture either on order or for selling at weekend shows.

I’m telling you this for reasons that will become plain shortly, but back to the apartment. They passed word around discreetly at the junior college in their town, and had the place rented to one of the instructors in no time. A woman, which suited my brother. (He has jealousy issues.) All was fine for about six months.

Then the woman (let’s call her Tracy) asked if it would be okay to have her niece and nephew (3 & 4 years old) over to stay for a few days – something about their parents wanting to go away for a long weekend, she said. My brother and SIL said that was okay, though my brother was grumbling: it would mean he couldn’t use his shop for those days, because of the need to have all those lovely sharp chisels and saws and bottles full of stains and varnishes and other such poisonous substances all carefully locked away.

But, as I’m sure you are all expecting or there’s no point to all this, the children didn’t go back home. My brother asked Tracy about it on the following Tuesday, and Tracy said it would be just a couple more days, that her brother and sister had somehow gotten comped to a few days free (they’d gone to Las Vegas, supposedly) and so were taking advantage.

When my brother confronted her again after a few more days, Tracy owned up. It’s a long ugly, muddled story (and I got it third hand, so likely I don’t have it all straight) but the bottom line is that the children’s father had abandonned his family a couple of years earlier, and now their mother has said she couldn’t deal with the stress of raising her kids any longer and has dumped them on her sister for who knows how long ‘while she gets herself together.’

Which brings us to the potentially scummy part: my brother wants Tracy and her children to move out pronto.

She doesn’t want to leave – she likes the apartment, and there really aren’t a lot of nearby places she could go to. She ‘thinks’ her sister will be able to take the children back in a few months, maybe. My brother wants back the use of his workshop, plus both he and my SIL don’t want the extra noise and disruption of having two young children living in their house. They pointed out to Tracy that they had specified from the start that they would only rent to a single person and she knew that. She said it was illegal to discriminate against families with children so she could stay. He pointed out she was only renting month to month, no lease, so he could tell her to go at the end of the current month for any reason. She pointed out that the apartment was illegal and that if he tried to force her to go she would rat him out to the police. He pointed out that would leave her out of the apartment just the same. Round and round.
So…what now?

Can he ‘force’ Tracy to leave at the end of the month? If she refuses to go, can they just pack up her clothes and such, put them outside, and change the door locks while she’s out? (This is what he’s threatening to do.)

Even if it’s legal to do that – and wouldn’t get him into a passel of trouble over the illegal apartment, which I expect it would, and I’ll bet he didn’t report the extra income, either – isn’t it rather scummy to force a woman and children out just because she’s helping with a family emergency?

On the third hand, it is his house, and Tracy had been told of the ‘house rules’ before moving in, so it is right for her to force them into inconveniences because of her own family emergencies? My brother can’t afford losing the income from his furniture building on top of everything else.

All I could suggest to my brother was that they should try to find another apartment that Tracy would be willing to move to, but they didn’t think that would work.

What state?

I think your brother is being reasonable. Tracy lied to him, and is now blackmailing him.

Moral issue: everyone’s in the wrong, and vulnerable.
Real world: This needs some solution.

Anything from, she gets another place and he comes up with her first month’s rent to make it happen; to, he moves the entrance or his workshop and tries raising the rent some. I’d either get her out or move the entrance so they don’t filter through the house. Or, everyone makes friends.

IANAL, but there’s a black and white legal answer to this question, and it turns on what state the parties are in. I think that knowing the respective legal rights of the brother and the woman is critical in determining the brother’s next step.

This seems to be a case of conditional illegality. In cases of conditional illegality – where the use contemplated by the parties is illegal unless a permit, license or variance is obtained – the lease has been held not to be one for an illegal purpose unless the parties intended that the premises be used illegally and have not attempted to obtain the necessary dispensation. From the facts in the OP, it seems highly likely that this will be a lease for an illegal purpose – though this may turn on the peculiarities of state law.

When a lease is declared to be one for an illegal purpose, it is usually held to be either unenforceable or void, depending on state law. The distinction may be important. In jurisdictions in which the illegal lease is merely unenforceable, the parties may nevertheless gain access to whatever judicial remedies are available to restore them to the status quo. The tenant thus is not entitled to possession, but may be able to recover a security deposit. By like reasoning, the landlord may not recover rent but should be entitled to recover possession of the premises. But if the lease is held to be totally void, the courts have held that the parties are in pari delicto and are not entitled to the aid of the courts. Under the logic of this latter construction, the tenant, if already in possession when the determination of illegality is made, presumably could remain rent free because of the landlord’s absence of a remedy for rent or possession. Some states avoid that awkward result by holding that occupancy under an illegal term of years becomes a tenancy at sufferance. This latter tenancy, created by law, is untainted by the illegality, and the landlord can terminate it by complying with the local procedures for terminating a tenancy at sufferance.

So knowing the state is pretty important to knowing whether the brother’s tenant truly has him over the barrel.

Your brother screwed up big time by building without a permit. He even may be legally forced to remove all of the improvements.

He also screwed up by letting the children stay for even a few days. Changes in occupancy can spell disaster. Especially when you are renting under radar.

The tenant has him by the short and curlies and she knows it. There may some specific landlord/tenant laws in your state I am not aware of, but your brother is most likely screwed, blued and tattooed.

Your brother needs a lawyer. He also could consider making her use the back entrance and locking the kidlings out of his workshop.

Mr. Hand, my brother lives in western Mass. The town does allow people to rent rooms (mostly to students), but setting up a separate apartment (basically if it has its own kitchen/bathroom) is forbidden except you can usually get an exemption if the apartment is for an elderly parent.

MaryEFoo, finding her a new apartment was my suggestion, too, but my SIL thought it unlikely they could find something nearby enough to suit Tracy – right now she’s less than a mile from her workplace.

Changing the entrance. Hmm. I don’t think internally it can be done – the basement stairs come down near one wall, and unfortunately the apartment is the other end of the basement. OTOH, there is the door that opens into the back yard. It would be really inconvenient for Tracy to have to use that – especially with two toddlers to take care of – because the ‘yard’ is a lot more like a rocky slope with muddy patches, and there’s a fence to deal with. Still, it’s certainly possible to walk down to that door, so maybe they should just seal the internal door to the apartment and change the key to the house doors. Tracy still would have access to her apartment, and Jim could use his workshop, and on the down side, she would lose the use of the laundry & the easier access while brother and SIL would lose on the noise factor.

Maybe that would work out – both sides would get and lose some – I’ll suggest it to them.

I can’t find any Massachussetts law on the issue on Lexis, so I don’t know if the lease is merely unenforceable or void.

Was a lease signed?

I think your brother needs to get a lawyer. Since your brother redid the room illegally, and knew he was doing it illegally, this throws a wrench into the whole thing. Tell him to get a lawyer toot-sweet. Otherwise, he won’t know what legal legs he has to stand on to evict this woman from his home.

“Tracy” needs to learn about rental contracts. Assuming there was a proper rental agreement signed when your BIL rented to her, he rented to her alone and adding people to the apartment would be a breach of rental agreement in a legal suite, and get her kicked out on her ass. It’s not discimination, any more than hotels charging more for more guests in each room is. On the other hand, the suite is illegal and I don’t know if any rental agreements are binding in this situation.

Yeah, I guess your BIL better get himself to a lawyer. And seal off the internal access for “Tracy”. She can make all kinds of trouble for him, traipsing through his house whenever she pleases (since she’s shown that she’s not an ethical person). I would keep working on getting her out, too - she’s bad news. Jim reading over my shoulder suggests that BIL’s best course of action might be to pre-empt her and report the suite himself.

There may be no buuilding permit needed to finish off a room - it’s not like he was adding on to the exterior. And, as you say, it’s not illegal to rent a room. I’d think that if she ratted on him, they might ask him to have it inspected. The city might prohibit him from having future tenants. I don’t think they’d do anythign major to him. Personally, I think that she’s in the wrong by lying to him and foisting 2 toddlers on him whne they were obviously not part of the deal. And presumably, he could threaten to retaliate (although escalation is a bad idea) by reporting the abondanment of the kids to social services. I’m sure that for her to be allowed temporary custody of the kids, she’d have to have an apartment with at least two bedrooms. Personally, I love kids - from a distance. I like to play with my nieces and nephews - as long as I can get rid of them after a short number of hours. I wouldn’t like to have a roomate suddenly expect me to live with two rugrats.

StG

Budda boom, budda bing! Accurate posters are a wunderful t’ing!

You are so right, featherlou!

I can’t speak to the legal issues, as I don’t live in the US and I’m not any legal genius…

As to the morals, I think its a messy situation … both parties taking advantage of each other in different ways - however, knowing how tight things can get financially, I would say your brother is properly right in some way - its a pretty shitty situation for all concerned though.

There really isnt a solution where this is going to work out the best for everyone unfortunatley… good luck to him with it though.

Relations between BIL and government entities may have legal significance, but don’t morally impact relationship between BIL and Tracy.

Relationship between Tracy and her family members likewise don’t impact relationship between her and BIL.

Relationship between BIL and Tracy has been damaged by her–intentional violation of agreed-upon rules, lying, blackmail.

If I were BIL, I would immediately lock internal access and resume earning a living. I would also do everything possible to get Tracy out of there ASAP, permanently.

There are government programs to help with abandoned children, BIL is not one of them. He doesn’t have to provide them a home anymore than he has to provide a home to untold thousands of others who are in unfortunate circumstances.

These are kind of two separate issues.

We had a Maryland court case example in one of my real estate agent continuing ed courses last week regarding a builder/owner who had a finished rec room bar he had done without a permit. He sold the (very expensive) house without informing the buyers of this, and when the buyers found out about it after having some septic problems they sued everyone in sight.

Building major, non-permitted improvements is stupid and risky and your brother is exposing himslef to a world of hurt for a variety of reasons, most related to the potential re-sale of the house. Your brother really needs to get this issue squared away blackmailing tenant or not.

Re the blackmailing tenant he needs to start by first making it right with the building dept. and them boot her out. Kids or no a tenant changing the occupancy deal and then threatening blackmail is one you want gone ASAP.

Yeah, Tracy lied, but from what I’ve heard there’s no reason to suppose she’s not reasonable.

If he can’t set up a passageway in the basement, can he do anything to fix the yard and make it traversable? Maybe Tracy could pay something for this.

I 7th asking a lawyer. He needs to know where he stands. Although, could it make it worse, as he couldn’t plead ignorance any more?

First IANALawyer. My first advice is, he NEEDS a lawyer.

My WAG is, if he reports the apartment to the authorities, he may be fined, however it seems unlikely he’ll face more serious punishment.

It also seems possible that the authorities will order the apartment emptied. IOW, THEY may evict her.

But since your brother doesn’t seem to be interested in following the law, and you say he’s already overextended, you better get a spare room handy.

From what I’ve heard in this thread, she is completely unreasonable. Lying, blackmail, and making accusations of discrimination are not the actions of reasonable people. My parents were landlords for decades, and from what I’ve seen and heard of their problems with tenants, Tracy is one of the worst kinds. If I were a fortune-teller, I would predict that she’ll be trouble until she’s gone, and probably be trouble for awhile after that, too.

Well, thank you all for the advice. I will absolutely tell my brother he needs to get his butt over to a lawyer, but I’ve got to say brother is not great about taking advice.

BTW, I’m hoping that Tracy is basically reasonable, and she and my brother just got into it and things escalated. After all, she has rented from them for six months, and I never heard either of them complain at all about her, so that means she must be reasonally clean, not offensive to have around, pays her rent, etc. (I assure you, I’d have heard if they’d have problems: SIL in particular likes to gripe.)

So, maybe they’ll be able to work something out without it becoming a legal matter – do that ‘exterior door only’ thing, maybe. My brother builds stuff all the time, he can certainly put in a new gate in the fence and some steps or whatever.

And, hey, maybe Tracy is right, and her sister will reclaim the kids in a couple of months.

But even if that all works out, yes, my brother needs to get on the right side re that apartment.