I’m an extrovert, married to an introvert; last November, we celebrated our 22nd wedding anniversary, so we must be doing something right. 
Here are some things I do:
One, I have other sources of conversation. I’ll call one of my sisters or one of my friends. Obviously, I post on message boards (though very few besides this one); I have a small group of email buddies that I email with on a regular basis. This all gives me an outlet for my “chatter”, which hubby finds boring and annoying.
Two, I talk to him about things that affect us both, so we’re both ‘invested’ in it; for example, we are in the process of going to settlement on a huge (8BR/6BA) house, and it’s going to be my job to oversee re-habbing it. He’s always interested in discussing the house, and my ideas on it, and his ideas on it. Also, he DVR’s shows he likes that I enjoy as well, like Pawn Stars; I’ll watch along with him, and he’s not annoyed when I have something to interject, or something to ask his opinion on, because it’s DVR’d, and he can easily pause it, then start it again.
Three, when he’s focused on something, he tends to be really focused, to the point where I can be standing right in front of him talking to him, and he won’t realize it. I know this helps him greatly in his professional life (he’s a computer engineer), but it used to bug the hell out of me. Finally I realized that what I really need to do is to touch him lightly, on the shoulder, or arm, for example, get his attention, ask him if he can spare a few minutes, and then talk to him. Obviously, if something’s an emergency, the whole “can you spare a minute?” thing goes out the window.
Four, we try to do things together that interest both of us. We’ll see a movie we’re both interested in, then discuss it. We’ll go to a museum or some such, then talk about what we got out of it. I’m sure I get more out of these discussions than he does, but hey, marriage is a give and take.
I agree with the others here who say that it’s unfair of you to expect him to fulfill all your needs for social interactions. I can get on the phone with my sister and we’ll talk for two hours if time and circumstances allow. He doesn’t grok that at all. He has a couple of close friends, but if he calls them or they call him, they say what needs to be said (maybe a pleasantry or two first, but that’s it), and hang up. None of this “So, what have you been up to?” bullshit for them. He leaves that to me. 