Yes, but Russians are not barred from the ISS. Cooperation in space exploration is one of the few things that the USA and Russia (and the USSR) have been able to accomplish together, even during some tense times of the cold war.
Just because you said that they brought it back for ep. 3 of this series! 
This time, though, it clearly wasn’t fan service - no mentions of the technique being pioneered by the brilliant engineer, Montgomery Scott. I thought they used it well to demonstrate a (justifiable) weakness of Doctor M’Benga.
That’s because he hasn’t done it yet, it was a TNG episode 
True dat. lol
Okay, I have a headscratcher with this episode.
Dr. M’Benga refused to allow the refit technicians to modify the emergency medical transporter because he had his daughter in the transport buffer. Okay. Why not take her out of the buffer for a little while and back into the real world, just long enough to let the modifications proceed, and then stick her back in?
I can think of a few reasons.
The first being that he would have to put her somewhere she wouldn’t be discovered for that time.
The second is that he may have made modifications in order to allow it to hold a pattern that long, that would be undone by the refit, and not easily redone.
And the third is that she only had what, 12 weeks to live? At the beginning of the first episode, Pike had a beard that looked like it took longer than that to grow. She wouldn’t have survived the time during the refit.
Why don’t the bio-filters work on cancer?
Do they not? I have no idea, but I assume that they are well advanced medically in many ways. (Though not as advanced as they could be if they didn’t have a prohibition on genetic engineering.)
But, in any case, cancer isn’t a separate organism, it still has your DNA in it.
What the biofilter has to have a ton of fun with is all the things that aren’t you, but that we carry around symbiotically.
They’d have to be programmed to leave that alone. Gut flora, facial microbes, even the sandwich you ate right before stepping onto the transporter.
We already know that it allows you to keep your clothes, tools, and so on. No wonder they require transport technicians and it’s not like stepping onto an elevator.
That’s gotta be a stressful job. And I bet the transport technicians get a lot of side-eye all the the time. “I swear that I didn’t weigh this much before getting on the transporter. Hey, have I always had this mole under my left armpit? And my tricorder looks less shiny than it did yesterday. I’ll have to write a report for that incompetent boob.”
Do they have cancer in Trek?
More than that - it changes your clothes during transport if needed - from episode 1 - that the ‘costumes and tricorders, etc were loaded into the transport buffer’. They entered the transporter in SF uniforms and arrived in local clothes. (where are the rest of my pants?).
From what was said this episode - it (the bio-filters) remove anything that it does not recognize - one might assume that it takes a hash of your bio during initial transport and figures out the delta on the return trip. The database of what it knows must be ‘astounding’.
Dr. M’Benga’s daughter has something called Cygnokemia, I figured it was some kind of Space leukemia.
Isn’t “Cygnokemia” sort-of Greek for “swan blood”?
[Insert Berman/Braga joke here]
Very good point.
I just think of Discovery, when they are in the far future (3rd season stuff) and they are casually transporting everywhere. It practically replaced walking. “Oh I’m needed on the bridge! ZIP! Okay, I have the Conn!” You could probably use it to style your hair, change your clothes, brush your teeth. They might even beam medicine into you, or beam food right into you. Or beam fecal matter out. (Like the Family Guy episode, where your feces just gets transported to a parallel world to pile up.)
They did that for the first time (apparently) in the first episode as well - just as Spock’s disguise was wearing off.
It would be hilarious if they were beaming poop out of you while replicating your food - no storage needed. (Confirmed in Discovery that replicated food was, in fact, 'waste recycling).
The Craplicator 3000.
My first big test of being able to, as MST3K advised in their theme song, just relax and enjoy the show. It’s not that they were able to do it, it’s that the transporter chief said that transporters don’t do that, and he was told to MAKE them do it. So, figure out how to do something that’s never been done before, with a piece of tech that can turn a person inside out or spread their molecules across the planet, and do it in the span of about a minute.
Spock’s lucky his eyes didn’t turn into two pools of medicine that just ran down his face.
BUT, I am taking the MST3K theme to heart, and it allows me to just enjoy it.
ISWYDT.
Badger came up with an idea on Breaking Bad where Spock wins a pie-eating contest by beaming the consumed pie out of him just as fast as he eats it.