Hello** FriarTed.**
The difficulty I envision in having a conversation about [variations on] The Restoration is that it is tightly woven into many other doctrines and/or [biblical] principles and texts. A person who believes, for example, that at death judgment is instantly rendered and a person is sent [in the blink of an eye] to heaven or hell would see this as impossible.
It seems clear to me that subjects like heaven and hell (and what they are), who inhabits them and when, the condition of the dead, the faith/works (read: love vs. behavior) paradigm, Armageddon and “judgment day”, Immortality, the Resurrection, the purpose of Christ’s death etc, all play a role in this and every single one of them could take many, many hours of research; and for the purpose of a message board each could take their own thread.
FriarTed correctly points out that, while the JWs are the largest and best known of groups born of Russell/ Barbour et al, there are others. While these various groups share much in common, there are differences, and the different groups do not share in anything akin to inter-faith.
It’s also worth noting that JWs, like virtually every other religion I know of, have had their faiths and doctrines change over time. What that means is that not every thing that the earliest believers followed are followed by JWs today; including [some amount of] Russell’s works. (Like Christmas as one example. JWs do not celebrate Christmas although 'The Bible Students" did)
So, JWs today may follow the principles of The Restoration, although there may be minor differenes and certainly the terminology is different, (the term “Restoration” is not used) JWs believe:
1) The Trinity
This is probably the least relevant to this discussion. JWs reject the Trinity, and see JC as what he said he was: The Son of God. Whether he was God or not, the “opportunity” for “Restoration” (as I said, a foreign word to JWs today) remains the same. **(Cites: Not particularly relevant to the discussion, and the cites easily number in the hundreds. Further it would be, by neccessity an exhaustive discussion) **
2) Hell
JWs see hell the way the OT, NT Jews and Christian Jews and Christian Gentiles did: The Grave. From Adam’s ‘death sentence’ ("…from dust you came, and dust you shall return…"), to the OT writings, to Job’s desire to go to hell, to Martha’s view of ‘the last day’ and the ‘memorial tombs’, to Jesus residing in hell (for 3 days anyway), to the apostles understanding of death, to Solomon’s understanding of death, to original rendering of Hades/Haides, Sheol/Sheohl, and Geheena/Gehenna, to the various ways it was rendered over 1000 years of English translations, to the “Lazarus” account, to the [literal and historical] Valley of Hinnom, even to Dante’s inferno, JWs see hell as the “place of the dead”, “grave” or “pit.” (Ps 9:17, Job 14:13, Acts 2:25-27, Rev 20:13,14, Matt 25:46, 2 Thess 1:9, and many others)
3) Death, and the Immortality of the Soul.
JWs see Death as the end result of being sinful. When you die, you are in the grave, dead, non-sentient and unaware. Humans “inherited” endemic sin from Adam and as a result of being sinners all humans will die. For many of the same reasons as intimated in the “Hell” section, JWs see death as being the cessation of life, nothing more. JWs find no compelling [thorough and contextual] case for the immortality of the human soul. Humans don’t have a soul, they are a [living] soul. That would be End Of Story if not for… (Gen 2:17, Ezek 18:31, Heb 9:27, Gen 3:1-9, 5:3-5, compare Deu 32:4 and Rev 12:9, Rom 5:12, 17,19 1 Cor 15:22, Rom 3:23, 6:23, Eccl 9:5, Gen 3:19, Ps 146:4, Jo 11:11-14, Ezek 18:4, Eccl 9:6, Isa 26:14, and others)
4) Christ’s "Ransom Sacrifice"
As JWs see it, Jehovah’s sense of justice----as evidenced and practiced by the formal worship of the Jews—required that sins be answered for, or “atoned” for. The Jews of the OT had a rich history of festivals and holy days where worship and sacrifices were made. The concept of sin atonement through [animal] sacrifice was well established. In the bible as whole, and Paul’s writings specifically, the notion that Adam “condemned” mankind to hopelessness and certain death is well established. Further, Christ is directly said to be answering for Adam’s sin. Only a perfect human life (Jesus) could serve as an adequate sacrifice for the perfect life of Adam. This is neither, infrequent, arcane or obscure in Paul’s writings. (where he refers to Jesus, among other things, as a “ransom sacrifice” for the sins of Adam; ransoming humans from the curse of Adamic sin)
5) The Resurrection
If everyone is whisked away to either [endless] bliss in heaven or [endless] torture in [a burning] hell at death, who needs a Resurrection? JWs believe a thorough consideration of the bible shows convincingly that humans die, and remain dead until a resurrection, wherein all humans are judged. JWs believe that you have [largely] “answered” for your sins at death—the wages of sin are death and death is the appropriate punishment. Yet the bible says that there will be a resurrection of both the righteous and the unrighteous—at which point some will be given [the potential for] everlasting life, or everlasting death; destruction.
(I am tight on time, and the cites take a fair amount of time, so forgive me for not citing the last 2 items. I will cite them, however, if asked)
In practical terms this means that JWs believe that when you die you’re dead. This death answers for your sins-----you sinned, you died as a result. Yet, because of Christ’s love and sacrifice you have a hope, a chance for salvation. (salvation not yet defined in this discussion)
This chance at redemption is manifested at your resurrection, where you are judged by God. This judgment is God’s and God’s alone. Certainly “Grace”, as manifested by his love play the greatest role. Yet…the bible itself has many things to say about behavior. Jesus himself was an agitator and firebrand and was harshly critical of those professed love on their lips and were duplicitous. He said in plain terms that upon his arrival there would be many he would reject because of their behavior. Yet it is also clear that a person can never earn their own salvation. But that’s not why people try! People conform their behavior to Christian principles out of love and regard for Jehovah and Jesus Christ and the appreciation that this life is superior to a life of selfishness.
And here you stand. You’ve passed away and now you’ve been resurrected from the grave you’ve called home. Your whole life is in front of you. God knows your history and life course in perfect recall. Your “salvation” is a function of Grace and Love. Your “resume” won’t get you entrance. But it would be folly to think your behavior, your choices, were/are meaningless. God sees it all—your hopes and dreams, your successes and failures, your realized and unrealized potential. He sees not just your [completed] life course (from which He, in part, judges) but your heart now; your current attitude.
He sees every extenuating circumstance, all through a filter of love. Were you “aware” but suffering from depression or something that blurred your vision? Were you never “introduced” to the true God? The fact is, there may be many reasons that a person didn’t come to a full understanding and appreciation of God. (and therefore live a life consistent with His requirements) So the opportunity to have a “do-over” (as we used to call it playing sandlot baseball) is open to some. That “some” is only known by Jehovah.
So whether that is at the “General Judgment” as FriarTed puts it, or as part of the Millenium, there is an opportunity for "redemption. "
(I would caution that “willful ignorance of the law” is no defense before the Judge. The bible makes it clear that “this good news of the kingdom will be preached in all the inhabited earth for a witness to all the nations and then the end will come.” The are ample texts that clearly show that sticking your head in the spiritual sand and remaining blissfully ignorant is not the situation envisioned in Russell’s “restoration.”