Ditto what RealityChuck said concerning what is out there in academia concerning sci fi. He is bang on target.
In answer to tclouie, let’s have a look at the U. of Toronto calendar for undergraduate English courses. U. of T. is a heavy hitter in the world of English Lit. A person wishing to major in English there will have to read widely, but beyond that can focus on areas of special interest by taking set courses and by arranging individualized courses. (And don’t forget that a great many works traditionally covered in period survey courses may be speculative fiction to begin with.)
Let’s look at course offerings directly on speculative fiction, and secondarily at course offerings which have significant speculative fiction content.
ENG237H1; Science Fiction and Fantasy
ENG238H1; Science Fiction and Fantasy: Film
ENG258Y1; Literature and Science
ENG299Y1; Research Opportunity Program
ENG390Y1; Individual Studies
ENG490Y1; Senior Essay
ENG302Y1; Poetry and Prose, 1500-1600
ENG306Y1; Poetry and Prose, 1660-1800
ENG308Y1; Romantic Poetry and Prose
ENG220Y1; Shakespeare
ENG332Y1; Drama to 1642
ENG405H1/406H1/407H1/408H1; Studies in an Individual Writer, pre-1800
ENG420H1/421H1/422H1/423H1; Studies in an Individual Writer, post-1800
ENG430H1/431H1/432H1/433H1; Studies in an Individual Canadian Writer
ENG440Y1; Studies in Renaissance Literature
ENG444Y1; Studies in Twentieth-Century Literature
Now let’s look course offerings on Shakespeare, and secondarily at course offerings which have significant Shakespeare content.
ENG220Y1; Shakespeare
ENG299Y1; Research Opportunity Program
ENG390Y1; Individual Studies
ENG405H1/406H1/407H1/408H1; Studies in an Individual Writer, pre-1800
ENG490Y1; Senior Essay
ENG259Y1; Literature and the Environment
ENG272Y1; Origins of Orientalism
ENG290Y1; Literature and Psychoanalysis
ENG332Y1; Drama to 1642
ENG440Y1; Studies in Renaissance Literature
As you can see, it is just as easy to focus on speculative fiction, or even science fiction, as it is to focus on Shakespeare. As far as the period survey courses go, most periods include speculative fiction, so it is just a matter of taking care when choosing essay topics.
Since the purpose of undergraduate English lit is usually to provide a broad base of reading and a basic set of critical skills, rather than specialization (you have to learn to walk before you run), there will always be a limit to how much specialization is permitted, regardless of the area of literature. Can you get an undergraduate degree which only looks at modern speculative fiction? Not that I am aware of. It would leave you lacking the background and critical skills necessary to competently work with modern speculative fiction. However, speculative fiction can easily be built into undergrad programs (as you can see from the U.of T. selections), so that you can later develop into a sci fi specialist at the grad level.
Advanced degrees permit much more specialization, and can include speculative fiction as the primary focus. For example, in the 80s I took an M.A. at Waterloo, where of my four courses one was straight modern science fiction and fantasy (only one Heinlein out of over two dozen novels), one was Arthurian legend (old fantasy), one had significant selections of speculative fiction from the Renaissance, and one was a computer science project. My thesis included a significant piece on speculative fiction (Atwood’s Handmaid’s Tale), and another fellow in my year did a sci fi thesis. About the only difference between then and now is that today speculative fiction is less marginalized, and is thus easier to focus on in many universities’ programs.
Occasionally a college will offer something to simply get non-lit majors to read. The theory is that any exposure to reading is better then none, so putting up a fluff course is beneficial. What is interesting is that over time, fluff courses sometimes develop into something more substantial as serious lit majors play with the genres and come up with significant findings. Children’s literature, speculative fiction, and film studies became serious areas of interest this way.
Where it really gets interesting is when contemporary ideas are used to illuminate past works, when past formats grow into new forms, and when out of the mix rise new ideas. You find science fiction and fantasy growing up out of an extremely long tradition of poetic and dramatic speculative fiction, and blossoming in the form of novels (novels being a relatively new development). This puts speculative fiction on the calendar as an area of focus, but at the same time reinforces the need not to specialize too quickly. In other words, if you want to really get into speculative fiction, do the period survey courses.
Once you start looking at many of the basic authors in various periods as being writers of speculative fiction, the distinction between modern works and works from much earlier periods begins to blur. For example, take a look at the description of a 19th century novels course at Waterloo: “English 780U - Gothic Lessons: The Fabulous and the Fabular. …We will discuss the [19th century] novels in relation to the discourses of orientalism, imperialism, and nationalism, the gothic as mode and genre, and the relationship between science fiction and the gothic (particularly their shared interest in projecting old-world anxieties onto a strange new world).”
So in answer to and agreement with Lynn Bodoni, no, you cannot get away from reading basic authors over a number of periods and still pull off an undergraduate English degree. But what you can do much of the time is read the basic authors’ works as works of speculative fiction, leaving you with a tremendous appreciation of speculative fiction regardless of period, and a good tool set with which to look at current speculative fiction.