I probably send or receive 10 texts per day. Photos of the grandkids, letting my wife know I’m headed home, etc. I check my email often, especially if it’s a work day and I’m not in the office or working from home. (Having a mobile email device has allowed a huge amount of freedom from me.)
One of my kids was hit by a car when she was 9. No one could reach me. Since then, my phone has always been within reach.
It really, really depends. Sometimes nothing. Sometimes it beeps me 10 times a day. My usual response to my phone is usually :sigh: It’s never Yay!
Right now my phone is in my coat pocket hanging in the bedroom closet. I only know that 'cause I heard an alert on it while in bed. Usually? Anywhere in the house is possible. Well, reasonable places. I’m not dotty enough to leave it in the fridge … yet. At work it’s in my back right pocket. I’m not supposed to carry it, but I do. Especially in the cooler because I use the alarm to make sure I leave on time. I often have to have someone call it for me so I can find it. I’m going to have to look into the “find your device thing.”
We got rid of the land line years ago. I don’t answer numbers I don’t recognize. So much crap if I do. I only charge when it’s almost out of battery.
About the same as @Procrustus & @enipla just above.
On a non-workday I’ll process a dozen or two texts from friends or family, use the phone for 2-factor authentication maybe once, and it’s also my appointment reminder and all-purpose alarm clock. So it bugs me several times each day about something. In fact it just went off a moment ago at noon reminding me that tomorrow is a workday. It’s also home to all my lists of stuff to do, shopping lists, etc., so throughout each day I’m adding and subtracted entries from those. I’ll take a few photos of something most days.
If I’m waiting someplace it’s my boredom reliever, clearing emails, spelunking around on wiki, and maybe reading SDMB. I rarely post from the phone; it’s far too fiddly to type on beyond a few words. As you’ve all noticed, brevity is not my posting style. 
I can go 2 or 3 days without using the “phone” as an actual phone; it’s my all-purpose communicator / reference device that oh by the way can make & receive voice calls.
My normal workday is being on-call. I can go about my daily business unhindered, as long as I can leave for work in an hour or so. During that time I’m supposed to be nearly immediately available to answer a voice call to go to work. So wandering away from my phone in another room, forgetting it at home while out shopping, or leaving it on silent, would be a bad thing. It happens, but the Boss is decidedly unimpressed and will make his displeasure known. There are also innumerable beeps and boops from my employer’s crew interface app if I’m needed.
When truly at work we joke that the Captain’s mobile phone is the most important tool in our briefcase / laptop bag full of aviation paraphernalia. Somehow leaving on a multi-day trip without the darn thing is crippling. Or at least really style-crimping. Though it does mean you have an excuse for not phoning home to talk to the wife 2x/day. Which some folks find refreshing. 
My phone is in the hands of my children.
They prefer the phone to the TV for reasons I cannot understand. I have the backup phone, which is how I am posting now.
Unless it’s bedtime or shower time, phone is always in a holster on my right front pocket. Otherwise it’s on the cordless charger on my nightstand. Don’t need it all the time, but if the wife, the kiddo, my folks, or work needs to get hold of me, it’s right there with me. And of course for photography opportunities - sunrises/sunsets don’t last long enough for you to go back to the house to get your phone.
Sometimes I think I’m among the few who use a phone as a phone primarily. I rarely use it to surf or post, never use it to stream. Mainly it’s for calls and texts - I’ve got a computer and a tablet for other uses that really need a larger screen. Maybe that’s why it’s not always at hand…
Whereas i never use mine as a phone. I live in a cell phone desert, and use my landline for phone calls. And when i used to work in an office, i had a phone there. I use my cellphone almost completely as a pocketable internet device.
In fact, i had a gadget that did email and calendars before i upgraded to a smart phone, and never had a “dumb” cellphone.
Depends on the day and whether I’m near my computer. But the big thing is that it has all my medicine alarms.
It still does. I don’t actually have a wall phone, but I do have a landline with three telephones, a cordless base station, a cordless extension in the bedroom, and an office-type desk phone with speaker on my office desk.
I also have a cell phone, and it always lives in one of two places when I’m home, either on the half-wall that separates the kitchen and family room where its charger is, or upstairs in the bedroom.
I’ve sometimes thought about cancelling the landline, but if I did, I would use a little gateway gadget that I have that talks to the cell phone via Bluetooth and plugs into the house telephone wiring, enabling all the ordinary phones to work through the cellular connection. But two independent phone systems is good for safety and security reasons.
It’s in my purse when I’m out and about. It’s plugged in and on the passenger seat when I’m in the car and it’s under some pillows on the couch next to me when I’m home, usually plugged in. I have to hide it under the pillows so the cat doesn’t destroy the charger.
I think my phone is upstairs, talking to Moscow.
If it’s talking to the one in Idaho, make sure it doesn’t implicate you in any grisly murders. That would be … inconvenient.
At home it’s on the arm of the couch right next to where I sit. When I’m out and about it’s in the front left pocket of my shirt. My Pixel 6a fits just right so that I can button the flap.
It’s either on my bathroom counter or it’s on my person. And it’s on the counter far, far more than on my person. I only grab it when I leave the house.
Ditto.
If I’m watching TV, I want the phone beside me to look up “what was the name of that actor?”
My library books are eBooks on my phone, so it’s going to be at arms length if I’m not watching TV.
In the car, it’s used for GPS and traffic info.
I want my phone on me if I’m going down into the basement, because the stairs can be precarious if I’m carrying something, and I live alone much of the time.
I need it on me at all times at work.
So basically, it’s always within arm’s reach one way or another.
220 miles away, where I left the &#!##!@ thing.
Dammit. I’m going to buy the cheapest trac phone and use that and only that for anything but hailing an Uber or authenticating my computer for my workplace.
At work or out and about, breast pocket (or as needed on a charger in office/car). At home, usually by my door next to my keys or as needed occasionally on a charger. Sometimes it migrates about in the house, but generally I disregard it at home. I have a landline due to weak cell coverage where I live (behind a blocking hill) and I have a desktop I vastly prefer for my computing needs and an ipad if there is an issue with that. I use my smart phone all the time out of the house, but only very rarely in it.
Like many here I’m older and I’m one of those who never was put in a position of having to make that 100% transition to being available at all hours. I text, but folks have found out to their annoyance that I can easily go twelve hours between checking my phone if I’m not at work. Call me early in the morning and you WILL NOT get an answer. I don’t keep any sort of phone in my bedroom and won’t get up for one. I’m not on call at work when off the job until or unless they start paying me standby (which they have in the past, but aren’t currently). Etc.
At night: plugged in to a charger while sitting on my bedside table. I’m old-fashoned and use a digital LCD clock as my alarm. Dont trust the phone alarm.
After getting dressed: sitting on the dining room table – I peruse CNN and the Dope as I drink my morning tea.
On the way to work: in the little cubby in front of the gearshift, happily sending a podcast to the car’s stereo via Bluetooth.
At work: in my pocket or locked in my desk, unless I’m at lunch in which case I’m usuly catching up on the news or the Dope.
Driving home: same as driving to work.
Sitting around the house in the evenings or the weekend: either sitting on the endtable next to my side of the couch or in my pocket.
My house still has the wiring for the old-fashioned phones but, oddly enough, no actual phone jacks. The wires come into junction boxes and then just end. The living room has a weird round phone junction box with a cover stamped with the old Bell Systems logo, but no phone jack. I couldn’t hook up a landline phone even if I wanted to.
At home, mine typically sits on the desk next to the computer; this is where it charges too. At work, I keep it in a little storage cubby on my desk so that it’s out of sight; otherwise, it’s in my pocket. (This isn’t for connectivity; sometimes I need to take pictures of parts or other items in the warehouse, and the department’s camera isn’t always available.) I do keep music on the phone for streaming, but I still use an iPod for entertainment because of its storage capacity.
I don’t have a landline anymore because of incredibly poor service in this area, but when I did there was a large base with an answering machine in the kitchen (the location of the only phone jack downstairs) with multiple cordless handsets throughout the house. There was also a corded phone upstairs in case of power outages.