Not quite the same thing, but my mother still uses my father’s name even though she was widowed 17 years ago, and remarried 14 years ago. She did not take her second husband’s name, because, having married my father at 24, she had used his name for almost literally her whole adult life. More importantly, she had a fairly distinguished career under that name, with lots of publications, and even though she is officially retired, still occasionally publishes. She didn’t wish to be one name socially and another professionally, and she had the title “Dr.” as a Ph.D, so the question of Miss/Ms./Mrs. didn’t come up (although, she does occasionally get mail as Mrs. Stepfather’s Name).
I think a lot of professional women who are established under their married names, and especially those who have published under that name make similar decisions.
I can think of at least one woman who kept her ex’s name in order to have the same name as her children, and when they were in high school (10 years after the divorce), started a business with that name. The business was 20 years old when she remarried, and she remained “Jane Ex’sName,” because she didn’t want to change the name of a well-established business, nor have a different name than the one associated with the business-- you know, Jane Smith didn’t want to run Jane Jones’ Catering business, because it sounded odd. She thought it was better that if it was Jane Jones’ Catering, she should be Jane Jones.
I know another woman who didn’t particularly like her father, and happily took her husband’s name upon marriage, without hyphenation, or anything. A lot of her friends questioned her feminism, because she was deep in the feminist community, and her response was, “I have some man’s name either way; it can be my father’s name, an asshole I don’t love, or my husband, a man I love, who loves me, and whom I freely choose to be with.”
I took my husband’s name because he had a cool name. I used to think I wouldn’t (back when I thought of marriage in the abstract, and not to a particular person), because, feminism, but his name was too cool to resist. I don’t plan to divorce him, but if I did, I think I would keep the name because I would want to have the same name as my son, and for the coolness factor.