May I offer my own little Guide for the Perplexed(paceMaimonides)?
Jews have been hated for their religion.
The Romans hated the Jews because they worshipped an invisible god Whose name could not be said and whose image could not be made. The Jews did not adopt Roamn dress, Roman customs, or the Roamn civic religion which included oaths of loyalty to the emperor. This made the Jews look suspect and perverse to the pagans. In addition, the mutiple rebellions against the Roman occupation, including the 135 AD rebellion which caused the Romans to expel Jews from Judea, increased Roman antipathy. After Christianity became the dominant faith in Europe, the Christians hated the Jews because they denied the divinity of Jesus.
Jews have been hated for their ethnicity.
In the diaspora following the Bar-Kochba rebellion, Jews lived in their own communities in Europe. They spoke Hebrew, and later Ladino and Yiddish, they ate different foods and celebrated diferent holidays from their Christian neighbors. Being different from the larger society is often enough to inspire hatred.
**Jews have been hated for their success]/b]
Because the Catholic Church forbade Jews from many occupations, they found another avenue in banking. Christian kings borrowed money from Jewish bankers to finance crusades and wars, then led pogroms to kill their benefactors to avoid paying back loans. Because Judaism exalts study above other activities, it is no wonder that many leading uropean intellectuals and businessmen were Jews. Because the Jews often semed more successful than their less-studious Christian neighbors, tit was assumed tht the Jews must be conspiring against their Gentile communities.
Jews racist? Then why have Jews been at the forefront of the civil rights movement? Why did Jews help in the Underground Railroad? Why has Israel welcomed black Ethiopian Jews in their midst? Doesn’t sound racist to me!
The Jews have produced Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, and the Marx Brothers; bagels, lox, and the knish, and Isaac Asimov, Avram Davidson, and Harlan Ellison. They have given English new vocabulary like putz, schlemiel, and zaftig. Jews have fought and died for America. They have created television, alternating current, and computers. Jews created Superman and Las Vegas, too.
Without Jews, our literature and the performing arts would be duller, our language would be poorer, and the US would not be the technological giant it is today.